Biology Study Guide for Exam Review

A comprehensive set of flashcards based on the key topics covered in the biology lecture notes.

What are the eight levels of taxonomy in order from least exclusive to most exclusive?

Domain, Kingdom, Phyla, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

What are the three major domains of life?

Eukaryota, Archaea, Bacteria.

What distinguishes the three major eukaryotic kingdoms?

Plants, Animals, and Fungi.

What are the six major phyla of invertebrates?

Arthropods, Mollusks, Cnidaria, Flatworms, Segmented Worms, Sponges.

What do arthropods have?

An exoskeleton.

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

It is the 'brain' of the cell that contains all DNA.

What is the function of mitochondria?

It is the 'powerhouse' of the cell that produces energy.

What is the role of ribosomes?

They are the 'factories' of the cell that build proteins.

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

It acts as the 'post office' of the cell that ships proteins and fats.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

It acts as the 'border' of the cell that allows certain things in and out.

What are physical adaptations?

Traits related to how animals look and function.

What are behavioral adaptations?

Traits related to how animals act.

How can animal adaptations be categorized?

Inherited (passed down) or learned (developed and acquired).

What functions do the cardiovascular system serve?

Transports gases and nutrients throughout the body.

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Takes air in and out of the body.

What does the skeletal system provide?

Structural framework of the body.

What is the function of the muscular system?

Contracts and relaxes to provide movement.

What is the role of the digestive system?

Breaks down food for nutrients.

What does the nervous system do?

Sends signals to and from the brain and body.

What is the purpose of the integumentary system?

It is the first line of defense against pathogens.