science chapter 3 - chemical composition of matter

elements

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods

compound

a pure substance containing two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio by mass

mixture

made up of two or more substances that are joined together chemically

chemical name ending with 'ide'

a compound made from two elements

chemical name ending with ‘oxide’ or ‘ate’

compound that contains oxygen

method of proportion for mixture

made up of substances mixed in any proportions

method of proportion for compound

made up of elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio by mass

properties of mixture

same properties as the substances that it is made up of

properties of compound

have different properties from the elements that they are made of

method of separation for mixture

can be separated by physical processes(e.g. filtration or distillation) also can be separated by chemical processes

method of separation for compound

can be separated by chemical processes(e.g. thermal decomposition or electrolysis) cannot be separated by physical processes

residue

the insoluble solid that remains in the filter funnel during filtration

filtrate

the liquid obtained after the filtration process

dilute solution

a solution that has a small amount of solute dissolved in a large volume of solvent

concentrated solution

a solution more concentrated than dilute solution but less concentrated than saturated solution

saturated solution

solution has the maximum amount of solute dissolved, no more solute is able to dissolve in the solution

factors affecting solubility

type of solute
type of solvent
temperature of solvent

factors affecting rate of dissolving

tempratue of solvent
surface area of solid
stirring

tempature of solvent increases

solubility increases

temperature of solvent increases

rate of dissolving increases

surface area of solute increases

rate of dissolving increases

stirring

increases rate of dissolving

solution

a clear mixture made up of a solute dissolved in a solvent

suspension

a mixture formed when a solid does not dissolve in a liquid