OCR English Literature - Hamlet Interpretations Over Time

17th Century Revenge Tragedies

Typically featuring a protagonist seeking vengeance for a wrongful act, Hamlet was widely viewed as a revenge tragedy

17th Century Political Interpretations

During the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras, themes of usurpation, regicide, and the moral responsibilities of the nobility resonated with audience members of this time.

18th Century Romanticism and Psychology

This interpretation often highlighted the existential and moral dilemmas of Hamlet. His alienation and existentiality were seen as reflections of the fascination with individualism and psyche, and his struggles were seen to influence his behaviour.

18th Century Romanticism and Nature

Interpretations often drew connections between Hamlet’s mind and the (super)natural elements of the play. His soliloquies were seen as moments of unity with nature.

20th Century Freudian

Hamlet’s conflict arises from his unresolved Oedipal feelings, leading to his indecision and psychological turmoil. His repressed desires create a sense of guilt and conflict, causing him to struggle with the moral implications of revenge

21st Century New Historicist and Contexual Understanding

Critics following this lens often explore how themes relate to the political climate of Shakespeare’s time. Often focuses on how the play reflects concerns on the succession of the monarchy.

21st Century New Historicist and Dominant Ideologies

The play can be seen as subverting expectations by challenging the status quo, subverting authority, and questioning established norms.

21st Century Feminist Interpretation

The dominance of male characters and the lack of female agency in the play are seen as reflections of gender inequality. Gertrude is often used as a pawn as she tries to maintain political power, and Ophelia is seen as a vulnerable woman dictated by the patriarchy.

21st Century Postcolonial Interpretations

Examines how Hamlet reflect the cultural and political dynamics of Shakespeare’s time and the impact of colonialism on literature. Often explores themes of resistance and subversion: Hamlet’s quest for justice against a corrupt court can be seen as a form of resistance.