FSU PET4551 Final Exam - Risk Factor Values/Equations/Tests

Pulse Pressure (mmHg)

SBP - DBP

Mean Arterial Pressure (Direct) (mmHg)

CO (Q) * TPR

Mean Arterial Pressure (Indirect when HR < 100bpm) (mmHg)

(1/3 * (SBP-DBP)) + DBP

Mean Arterial Pressure (Indirect when HR > 100bpm) (mmHg)

(1/2 * (SBP-DBP)) + DBP

Rate Pressure Product

(HR*SBP)/100

Cardiac Output (Q) (L/min)

HR * SV

Fick Equation for VO2

Q * (a-v) O₂ difference

Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)

(Ankle SBP) / (Brachial SBP)

- Normal: 1 to 1.1 (higher pressure in ankle)

- Used to determine severity of peripheral vascular disease; ABI drop with exercise indicates PVD

- BP taken at posterior tibial artery or dorsalis pedis artery

Hemoglobin (men)

13.5-17.5 g/dL

Hemoglobin (women)

11.5-15.5 g/dL

Hematocrit (men)

40-52%

Hematocrit (women)

36-48%

Fasting glucose

60-99 mg/dL

Kidney Tests

1. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) 2. Creatinine

Liver Tests

1. Bilirubin 2. Alanine transaminase (ALT) 3. Aspartate transaminase (AST)

Total Cholesterol Values (mg/dL) 1. Desirable:

<200

Total Cholesterol Values (mg/dL) 2. Borderline High:

200-239

Total Cholesterol Values (mg/dL) 3. High:

≥240

LDL Values(mg/dL) 1. Desirable:

<100

LDL Values(mg/dL) 2. Above Desirable:

100-129

LDL Values(mg/dL) 3. Borderline High:

130-159

LDL Values(mg/dL) 4. High:

160-189

LDL Values(mg/dL) 5. Very High:

≥190

BMI (kg/m2) 1. Normal:

18.5-24.9

BMI (kg/m2) 2. Overweight:

25-29.9

BMI (kg/m2) 3. OC1:

30-34.9

BMI (kg/m2) 4. OC2:

35-39.9

BMI (kg/m2) 5. Extreme:

≥40

High Risk Waist to Hip Ratio (men)

>0.95

High Risk Waist to Hip Ratio (women)

>0.86

Metabolic Syndrome (any of the 3 out of 5) 1. Abdominal Obesity:

M: >40in/102cm W: >35in/88cm

Metabolic Syndrome (any of the 3 out of 5) 2. HDL Cholesterol:

M: <40 mg/dL W: <50 mg/dL

Metabolic Syndrome (any of the 3 out of 5) 3. Triglycerides:

≥150 mg/dL

Metabolic Syndrome (any of the 3 out of 5) 4. Blood pressure:

≥130/85 mmHg

Metabolic Syndrome (any of the 3 out of 5) 5. Fasting Glucose:

≥100 mg/dL

Case Study Positive Risk Factors (8) 1. Age

M: ≥45 W: ≥55

Case Study Positive Risk Factors 2. Family History(MI):

before 55 for father or 1st deg male relative

before 65 for mother or 1st deg female relative

Case Study Positive Risk Factors 3. Smoking:

or those who quit within 6 mo

or exposure to environmental tobacco

Case Study Positive Risk Factors 4: Physical Inactivity:

Physical Inactivity

Case Study Positive Risk Factors 5. Obesity:

BMI ≥30 kg/m2 OR waist: M: >102cm:40in W: >88cm:35in

Case Study Positive Risk Factors 6. Hypertension:

≥130/80 OR on BP meds (confirmed 2x)

Case Study Positive Risk Factors 7. Dyslipidemia:

LDL: ≥130 mg/dL or on lipid lowering meds

HDL: M <40 mg/dL, W <50 mg/dL Non-HDL: ≥160 mg/dL

If only total cholesterol is available: ≥200 mg/dL

Case Study Positive Risk Factors 8.

Fasting Blood Glucose(FBG): ≥100mg/dl OR 2 hr OGTT: ≥140 mg/dl OR HbA1C ≥ 5.7% or on meds for diabetes

Signs & Symptoms for CV

1. Pain in chest

2. shortness of breath (SOB)

3. dizziness/syncope

4. orthopnea/nocturnal dyspnea

5. ankle edema

6. palpitations/tachycardia (HR >100)

7. intermittent claudication

8. known heart murmur

Diagnostic criteria for Diabetes 1. Glycosylated Hemoglobin or HbA1c:

≥6.5%

Diagnostic criteria for Diabetes 2. Fasting blood glucose:

≥126 mg/dL

Diagnostic criteria for Diabetes 3. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT):

≥200 mg/dL

Diagnostic criteria for Diabetes 4. Confirmed non-fasting blood glucose

≥200 mg/dL in presence of diabetes symptoms

HDL Value (mg/dL) High(good)

≥60

HDL Value (mg/dL) Low(bad):

<40 men, <50 women

Non-HDL Cholesterol(Total Cholesterol - HDL) Desirable:

<130

Non-HDL Cholesterol(Total Cholesterol - HDL) Above Desirable:

130-159

Non-HDL Cholesterol(Total Cholesterol - HDL) Borderline High:

160-189

Non-HDL Cholesterol(Total Cholesterol - HDL) High:

190-219

Non-HDL Cholesterol(Total Cholesterol - HDL) Very High:

≥220

Case Study Negative Risk Factor

High serum HDL Cholesterol: ≥60 mg/dl

Pre-diabetes 1. Glycosylated Hemoglobin or HbA1c:

5.7-6.4%

Pre-diabetes 2. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGGT):

140-199 mg/dl

Pre-diabetes 3. Fasting Blood Glucose:

100-125 mg/dl

Emerging Risk Factors

1. Triglycerides

2. lipoprotein(a)

3. lipoprotein remnants

4. small LDL particles

5. HDL subspecies

6. Apolipoproteins

7. Total Cholesterol to HDL ratios

8. Homocysteine

9. Inflammatory markers( C-reactive protein)

10. Thrombogenic and Hemostatic factors(fibrinogen)

11. Early menopause

12. Gum disease

13. Calcium content found in coronary arteries

Prothrombotic

Fibrinogen: ≥350 mg/dl

Proinflammatory

C-reactive Protein: ≥3.0 mg/L state

Fasting Serum Triglyceride Values (mg/dL) 1. Normal:

<150

Fasting Serum Triglyceride Values (mg/dL) 2. Borderline High:

150-199

Fasting Triglyceride Values (mg/dL) 3. High:

200-499

Fasting Triglyceride Values (mg/dL) 4. Very High:

≥500

Blood Pressure (mmHg - 4) 1. Normal

SBP: <120 and DBP: <80

Blood Pressure (mmHg - 4) 2. Elevated:

SBP: 120-129

Blood Pressure (mmHg - 4) 3. HS1:

SBP: 130-139 or DBP: 80-89

Blood Pressure (mmHg - 4) 4. HS2:

SBP: 140-180 or DBP: 90-120

Blood Pressure (mmHg - 4) 5. Hypertensive Crisis

SBP: >180 or DBP: >120