Past Third Cell Biology Exams

This can be used to compare thousands of genes between two samples such as normal vs cancer cells:

A microarray

This is a way of taking a trace amount of DNA and amplifying specific regions of it up into a lot of DNA in a test tube, over a few hours:

PCR

What is GFP?

Green fluorescent protein

This detects a specific DNA sequence out of many on a gel:

A Southern Blot

This detects a specific protein out of many on a gel:

A Western Blot

This is DNA made from mRNA:

cDNA

A mouse that has been genetically engineered to entirely delete a gene from its genome is:

A knockout mouse

These are the first human cells successfully grown. They are cervical cancer cells:

HeLa

This technique separates molecules and organelles by their density:

Sucrose gradient

This is a chain terminator used in DNA sequencing:

Dideoxyribonucleotides

In gel filtration chromatography:

Large molecules pass through quickly and smaller ones more slowly

These are immortalized mouse cells commonly used in cell biology studies:

3T3

Microfilaments are another name for:

Actin filaments

This chemotherapy drug comes from pacific yew tree and prevents cancer cells from growing and dividing by stabilizing their microtubules:

Taxol

Taxol is a widely used chemotherapy drug. It acts on rapidly dividing cells by:

Stabilizing microtubules so they cannot reform for mitosis

Parallel bundles of actin filaments that do not allow myosin in are crosslinked with:

Fimbrin

Z-disks and M-lines are found:

In contractile muscle fibers

Are highly conserved in all eukaryotes:

**Microtubules and actin filaments only**

Actin filaments can be cross-linked:

ALL

Attach to desmosomes to give epithelial cells strength and structure:

Intermediate filaments

Are made from elongated fibrous subunits:

Intermediate filaments

RNA is different from DNA because:

ALL

Introns:

Are spliced out of the mRNA

TBP:

ALL

Ribosomal RNAs:

ALL

The CTD is:

ALL

Osteoblasts do which of these?

ALL

Nuclear membrane dissolves:

Prophase

A contractile ring is found in animal cells in:

Cytokinesis

Translation is:

Synthesizing proteins from RNA using the genetic code.

Which of these is true about ribosomes?

ALL

When looking for a gene in a DNA sequence it is important to look at all three:

Reading frames

This blocks the binding of an aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of a ribosome in bacteria:

Tetracycline

Mad Cow disease is caused by:

Improperly folded proteins that cannot be degraded

Early Drosophila embryos do this:

Mitosis without cytokinesis

Important conserved developmental genes are:

Homeotic

These are points in the cell cycle where the cell cycle can stop if there is something wrong, and hopefully fix the problem before continuing:

Checkpoints

P53:

Stops cells at the G1/S boundary if the DNA is damaged

A CKI is:

A cyclin kinase inhibitor

A synaptonemal complex is:

An zipper-like complex of proteins that holds homologs together

When do sister chromatids separate in meiosis?

Anaphase Meiosis II

This when the synaptonemal complex forms:

Zygotene

Cells that will never divide again are terminally:

Differentiated

A morphogen is:

A substance that helps determine cell fate

A CKI is:

A cyclin kinase inhibitor

The progression of the cell cycles is largely caused by:

CDKs and cyclins

Many cellular proteins are regulated by protein degradation targeted by:

Polyubiquitination

Z-disks and M-lines are found:

In contractile muscle fibers

Attach to desmosomes to give epithelial cells strength and structure:

Intermediate filaments

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex is a terrible, painful, blistering disease. It is caused by a defect in:

Epidermal intermediate filaments

Keratins are:

Intermediate filaments

Are made from elongated fibrous subunits:

Intermediate filaments

Are made of polymers of smaller subunits:

All three types of cytoskeleton filaments

Eukaryotic flagella are motile structures built from:

Microtubules

This chemotherapy drug comes from the pacific yew tree and prevents cancer cells from growing and dividing by stabilizing their microtubules:

Taxol

Microfilaments are another name for:

Actin filaments

The CTD is:

ALL

Unlike prokaryotes, Eukaryotes:

ALL

Poly-A tails:

ALL

TBP:

ALL

When an mRNA is being spliced it forms a:

Lariat

This a chain terminator used in DNA sequencing:

Dideoxyribonucleotides

What is GFP?:

Green fluorescent protein

When looking for a gene in a DNA sequence it is important to look at all three:

Reading frames

This is a technique using a modified bacterial anti-viral system from Streptococcus to easily alter specific DNA sequences in the genomes of living cells:

CRISPR

Column chromatography that separates molecules by charge:

ion-exchange

This is a way to compare a DNA or amino acid sequence with known sequences:

BLAST

This is a way of taking a trace amount of DNA and amplifying specific regions of it up into a lot of DNA in a test tube, over a few hours:

PCR

Hybridoma cells:

Make monoclonal antibodies

These are the first human cells successfully grown. They are cervical cancer cells:

HeLa

This helps determines protein structure:

X-ray crystallography

Denaturing protein gels, which are the typical type of protein gel electrophoresis, specifically use this:

SDS

A mouse that has been genetically engineered to entirely delete a gene from its genome is:

A knockout mouse

The Kinetochore is formed at:

Centromeres

The spindle microtubules organize at the poles on:

Centrosomes

This type of protein is rich in glycine and proline, crosslink among themselves, and have many kinks in them. They provide flexibility and allow skin to stretch:

Elastins

When do sister chromatids separate in meiosis?:

Anaphase Meiosis II

What is the purpose of meiosis?:

To produce gametes to be used in sexual reproduction

This is when homologous recombination occurs in Meiosis:

Pachytene

These are proteins that help fold other proteins into the correct shape:

Chaperones

Anticodons are found on:

tRNAs

Which of the following is not true?:

The polypeptide chain is moved from the P-site to the E (elongation) site

Mad Cow disease is caused by:

Improperly folded proteins that cannot be degraded

Initiation of protein synthesis with a formyl-methionine occurs:

In bacteria, not in eukaryotic cytoplasms

TBP:

ALL

This is where RNA polymerase binds and transcript starts right in front of it:

Promoter

A single RNA with several different proteins encoded on it is ____________.

Polycistronic

When an mRNA is being spliced it forms a:

Lariat

Introns:

Are spliced out of the mRNA

Homeotic genes:

ALL

Cells that will never divide again are terminally _________.

Differentiated

Mad Cow disease is caused by:

Improperly folded proteins that cannot be degraded

Translation is:

Synthesizing proteins from RNA using the genetic code

Which of these is true about ribosomes?

ALL

These are proteins that help fold other proteins into the correct shape:

Chaperones

When looking for a gene in a DNA sequence it is important to look at all three:

Reading Frames

You can separate T-cells from other blood cells through:

FACS

2-D acrylimide gel electrophoresis:

Separates proteins first by charge then by size

This is a way to compare a DNA or amino acid sequence with known sequences:

BLAST

This is a way to looks at 3D surfaces too tiny to see with a normal light microscope.

SEM