1. Introduction, the subject of biophysics. Fundamental physics. Atomic physics. Electromagnetic waves.

Proton nucleus relative charge

1+

Proton nucleus relative mass

1

Neutron nucleus relative charge

Neutral

Neutron nucleus relative mass

1

Electron cloud relative charge

1-

Electron cloud relative mass

1/1840

Mass number

the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Atomic number

the number of protons in the atom.

Neutron number

minus the number of protons from the mass number

Chemical element

substances made up of atoms with the same atomic number are called chemical elements. Elements are usually identified by their chemical symbols.

Particle (quantums)

photons

Electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye

380 nm and 780 nm

Properties of electromagnetic waves

•They do not need a medium for their propagation.

•In a vacuum, their propagation speed is the same as the speed of light.​

•They also spread in the medium.​

•Under the right conditions, refraction, reflection, interference, deflection, polarization can be observed.​

•All electromagnetic waves are transverse waves