LESSON 2: OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION DOSE MANAGEMENT PT 2

- RECORDING OF RESULTS
- FREQUENCY
- CONTROL MONITOR
- CHANGING OF EMPLOYMENT

Occupational Radiation Monitoring Report TYPES:

RECORDING OF RESULTS

Occupational Radiation Monitoring Report; Results of the monitoring program be recorded in a precise fashion and maintained for review.

FREQUENCY

Occupational Radiation Monitoring Report; Annual, quarterly, or weekly

CONTROL MONITOR

Occupational Radiation Monitoring Report; Never be stored in or adjacent to a radiation area -the response of the control monitor is subtracted from each individual monitor (occupational radiation exposure)

CHANGING OF EMPLOYMENT

Occupational Radiation Monitoring Report; The total radiation exposure history must be transferred to the records of the new employer

Whole-Body Dose Limits

Radiation Dose Limits; "Dose Limits imply that if received annually, the risk of death would be less than 1 in 10,000"

LINEAR, NONTHRESHOLD

Radiation Dose Limits; Current DLs are based on the linear, nonthreshold dose- response relationship.

1/10 DOSE LIMIT

Radiation Dose Limits; In diagnostic radiology, it is seldom necessary to exceed even 1 /10 the appropriate DL

DOSE EQUIVALENT AND EFFECTIVE DOSE

Radiation Dose Limits; Occupational exposure is described as dose equivalent in units of millisievert (millirem). DLs are specified as effective dose (E)

50 mSv/yr

Radiation Dose Limits; Basic Annual Dose LIMIT

10mSv x Age

Radiation Dose Limits; Cumulative Whole Body Dose Limit Times Age In Years

Effective Dose

Considers the relative radiosensitivity of various tissues and organs.

Effective Dose

Accounts for different types of radiation because of their varying relative biologic effectiveness

linear energy transfer

"The value of Radiation Weighting Factor (Wr) for other types of radiation depends on the ____ of that Radiation"

radiosensitive

"The higher the value of Tissue Weighting Factor (Wt), the more ___ the tissue is"

- EFFECTIVE DOSE
- DOSE LIMITS FOR THE TISSUE AND ORGANS

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TYPES;

500 mSv/yr

DOSE LIMITS FOR THE TISSUES AND ORGANS; Dose Limit for the SKIN ____ higher than the whole-body dose limit

500 mSv/r

DOSE LIMITS FOR THE TISSUES AND ORGANS; EXTREMITIES dose limit. Radiologists often have their hands near the primary fluoroscopic radiation beam

150 mSv/yr

DOSE LIMITS FOR THE TISSUES AND ORGANS; Because radiation is known to produce cataracts, a DL ___ is specified for the LENS OF THE EYE

1 mSv/yr

Public Exposures: Shielding is designed so that the annual exposure of an individual in the adjacent area cannot exceed ___

50 mSv/r

Public Exposures: EXTREMITIES dose limit

50 mSv/yr

Public Exposures: SKIN Dose Limit

15 mSv/yr

Public Exposures: LENS OF THE EYE dose limit

1 mSv/yr

Education and Training; Student radiologic technologists younger than 18 years of age may be engaged in x-ray imaging, but their exposure must be monitored and must remain below ___

50 mSv/r

Education and Training; EXTREMITIES dose limit

50 mSv/r

Education and Training; SKIN Dose Limit

15 mSv/yr

Education and Training; LENS OF THE EYE dose limit

20 mSv

"The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has issued several recommendations, including an annual whole-body DL of ___."

20; 50

DOSE LIMIT BY ICRP: o ___ mSv in a year, averaged over defined periods of 5 years, but not exceeding __ mSv in one year.

100

DOSE LIMIT BY ICRP: o 20 mSv in a year, averaged over defined periods of 5 years, but not exceeding 50 mSv in one year.
Thus, in 5 years, the worker's total dose must not exceed ___ mSv.

5 mSv

Embryo-Fetus Exposures: DL for the fetus is ___ for the period of pregnancy

0.5 mSv/mo

Embryo-Fetus Exposures: If pregnancy is declared, then the DL becomes ___

- PROTECTIVE APPAREL
- POSITION
- PATIENT HOLDING
- PREGNANT TECHNOLOGIST/RADIOLOGIST -
- MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES

Reduction of Occupational Exposure TYPES:

PROTECTIVE APPAREL

Reduction of Occupational Exposure: Worn during Fluoroscopy and Mobile radiography

.25, 0.5, and 1 mm

PROTECTIVE APPAREL Normal thickness: __, _-_, and ___ of lead equivalent

Interventional radiology aprons

should be of the wrap-around type

POSITION

Reduction of Occupational Exposure: Remain as far as possible during fluoroscopy

backward

Reduction of Occupational Exposure: POSITION: Take a step or two ___ from the table

dead man foot

Reduction of Occupational Exposure: POSITION: Radiologists should use ___ switch sparingly

PATIENT HOLDING

Reduction of Occupational Exposure: Mechanical immobilization device be available

PATIENT HOLDING

Reduction of Occupational Exposure: A relative or a friend should be asked to hold; provide protective apparel

PATIENT HOLDING

Reduction of Occupational Exposure: Radiology staff should never hold patients

PREGNANT TECHNOLOGIST/ RADIOLOGIST

Reduction of Occupational Exposure: Notify the supervisor

PREGNANT TECHNOLOGIST/ RADIOLOGIST

Reduction of Occupational Exposure: Wrap-around aprons are preferred

PREGNANT TECHNOLOGIST/ RADIOLOGIST

Reduction of Occupational Exposure: Additional radiation monitor should be positioned under the protective apron at waist level

PREGNANT TECHNOLOGIST/ RADIOLOGIST

Reduction of Occupational Exposure: Red for the collar badge, yellow for the waist badge

New Employee Training
In-service Training
Counseling During Pregnancy

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
Radiation Protection Program:

New Employee Training

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES: Copy of the facility radiation protection manual

New Employee Training

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES: Responsibility regarding pregnancy and radiation

New Employee Training

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES: Signing of New Employee Notification Form

In-service Training

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES: Conducted at monthly intervals

In-service Training

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES: Training devoted to radiation protection and directed at potentially pregnant employees

In-service Training

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES: Review of personnel monitoring records

Counseling During Pregnancy

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES: Director should counsel the pregnant employee

Counseling During Pregnancy

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES: No termination or an involuntary leave of absence occur should occur

Counseling During Pregnancy

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES: Pregnant Technologist should read and sign the Acknowledgement of the Radiation Risk During Pregnancy

Not to participate in brachytherapy applications

Pregnant Technologist should: Radiation Oncology

Be provided with a radiation monitor during pregnancy

Pregnant Technologist should: Ultrasound Technologist

Not elute radioisotope generators or inject millicurie quantities of radioactive material

Pregnant Technologist should: Nuclear Medicine