Apush period 4 terms

taken from AMSCO book

Revolution of 1800

election of 1800

Judiciary act of 1801

FEDERALIST!!!!!!!!!!!

created 16 federal judgeships and judiciary offices

midnight judges

those new judges appointed by adams

Marbury v. Madison

• midnight judge sued Madison who tried to fire him

• Marshall said that Marbury certainly had a right to his position according to the judiciary act of 1789, but that act had also given the court greater power than the constitution allowed, therefore the law was unconstitutional

• Gave senate more power, their rulings are supreme law of US

judicial review

the idea that the actions of the executive and legislative branches of government are subject to review and possible invalidation by the judiciary

Tripolitan War

pirates of North Africa declared war on us because they refused to pay tribute, and Jefferson dispatched marines to Tripoli where it was an eventual victory

Ex of jefferson following/not following jeffersonian principles????

haitan revolution

jefferson was against bc it was too close to home for comfort

Louisiana Purchase

the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French First Republic in 1803

Ex of Jefferson not following Jeffersonian principles

corps of discovery

Led by Louis and Clark, headed west to explore

Orders in Council

Closed European ports under French control to foreign shipping unless they passed through British ports

Impressment

british would basically kidnap and enlist american navy into theirs

Chesapeake affair

the British warship fired on the US warship Chesapeake and killed and imprisoned soldiers. When ams wanted soldiers back, brits fired. Jefferson resorted to diplomacy and economic pressure even though many Americans demanded war

Embargo Act (1807)

Jefferson forbade exports of ALL us goods (peaceful coercion)

also banned goods from Britain

harmed am economy, hurt industrial NE, Hard to enforce

Nonintercourse Act (1809)

Reopened trade EXCEPT to Britain and France, but it didn’t really go well

Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)

lifted all embargos on France & Britain for 3 months

gave president the authority to suspend trade with either Britain or France if the other revoked its policy of interfering with American trade. 

war hawks

Young congressmen from south and west who were pro war with Britain

Battle of Tippecanoe

the shawnee prophet tecumseh attempted to unite all tribes against white ppl

Ams won which led to a native/brit alliance in the future

War of 1812

Causes:

• british orders in council that limited am trade with Eu

• Impressment

• British support of natives

• Warhawks pushing for war

Issues: No one fought well, northeast militia refused to fight, Jefferson dissolved national bank

Battles: lake erie, thames, fort McHenry, burning of DC, New orleans

Battle of New Orleans

the halting of the British effort to control the Mississippi River at New Orleans by General Jackson who lead a force of frontier soldiers, free African Americans, and Creoles. was an impressive but meaningless victory due to the Treaty of Ghent

Battle of Lake Erie

allowed America to gain control of Lake Erie, preventing the British from penetrating the middle of the United States

Battle of the Thames

an American victory in the War of 1812 against Tecumseh's Confederacy and their British allies

Battle of Lake Champlain

an important American victory that saved the New England states from a British invasion via the Hudson River valley

Hartford Convention (1814)

secret federalist meeting

shared hate for the war

discussed changes to constitution

??succession plot??

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

ended the War of 1812

• us earned respect

• canadas border w us decided

• feds hurting (nullification and succession??)

• natives surrender more land

• british blockades lead to Industrial Revolution and self-sufficiency

• Nationalism rises

Tariff of 1816

the first tariff passed by Congress with an explicit function of protecting U.S. manufactured items from overseas competition

Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)

strictly limited naval armament on the Great Lakes and placed limits on border fortification. this led to the border between the United States and Canada being the longest unfortified border in the world

Era of Good Feelings

the period in the United States that was marked by a spirit of nationalism, optimism, and goodwill

American System

the economic plan proposed by Henry Clay that consisted of 3 parts: 1) protective tariffs designed to shield domestic production from foreign competition by raising the price of the imported items, 2) a national bank, and 3) internal improvements

Panic of 1819

• Causes: 

  • Western land speculation

  • Declining imports and exports

  • Agricultural prices dropped

  • Factories closed due to foreign competition

  • Banks tighten credit to fight inflation

• Effects

  • Many state banks declared bankruptcy

  • Second Bank of the United States foreclosed on western farms

  • Debtors’ prisons filled up

  • Crisis led many westerners to change political beliefs

  • Sows the seeds of Jacksonian democracy

land act of 1820

an act of Congress in the United States to make public domain lands available for purchase on a credit system

Tallmadge Amendment

proposed amendment by Representative James Tallmadge from New York. the amendment called for 1) prohibiting the further introduction of slaves into Missouri, and 2) requiring the children of Missouri slaves to be emancipated at the age of 25

Missouri Compromise (1820)

a federal legislation of the United States that balanced desires of northern states to prevent expansion of slavery in the country with those of southern states to expand it

McCulloch v. Maryland

established that a state could not tax a federal institution (because the power to tax is the power to destroy), federal laws are supreme over state laws, and the implied powers the government had to create a national bank

Cohens v virginia

Did the Supreme Court have the power under the Constitution to review the Virginia Supreme Court's ruling?

set the important precedent that all state convictions were subject to federal review. 

Gibbons v. Ogden

established that the Supreme Court could review a state court’s decision involving any of the powers of the federal government

Fletcher v. Peck

the first time the Supreme Court declared a state law to be unconstitutional and invalid

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

established that a contract for a private corporation could not be altered by the state

Treaty of 1818 (anglo american convention)

improved relations between the United States and Britain. provided for 1) shared fishing rights of the coast of Newfoundland, 2) joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for ten years, and 3) the setting of the northern limits of the Louisiana Territory at the 49th parallel

Florida Purchase Treaty (1819) (aka Adams-Onís Treaty)

Spain turned over all of its possessions in Florida and its own claims in the Oregon Territory to the United States. in exchange, the United States agreed to assume $5 million in claims against Spain and give up any US territorial claims to the Spanish province of Texas.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Issued warnings in response to anti democratic movements in EU and Russias expansion down west coast:

• The Western Hemisphere was closed to any further European colonization.

• The U.S. would NOT interfere with existing colonies.

• The U.S. would NOT interfere, or even get involved, in any European affairs.

• That any attempt by any European power to intervene in the Western Hemisphere would be regarded as a threat "as dangerous to our peace and safety".

Russo american treaty

outlined russias territory claims

Corrupt bargain

jacksonians accused clay and adams of striking a corrupt bargain in the election of 1824

Revolution of 1828

Jackson's election showed shift of political power to "the common man" (1828)

Spoils system

practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs

Tariff of 1828; Tariff of Abominations

high tariff that the South hated. SC especially hated this tariff to the point where they were nullifying the tariffs passed by Congress. caused the nullification crisis

Nullification Crisis

confrontation between the state of South Carolina and the federal government in 1832-33 over the former's attempt to nullify the federal tariffs of 1828 and 1832

Compromise Tariff of 1833

would gradually reduce 1832 tariff by 10% over 8 years

Force Bill

passed in nullification crisis, authorized president to use army and navy if necessary to collect federal tariff duties

Indian Removal Act

passed by Congress under the Jackson administration, this act removed all Indians east of the Mississippi to an "Indian Territory" where they would be "permanently" housed.

Trail of Tears

the horrible journey of 15,000 Cherokees from their home land to Indian territory between 1838 and 1839, 4,000 of Cherokees died

Black Hawk War

when native tribes resisted eviction

Bank War

struggle that developed over the issue of rechartering the Second Bank of the United States (1829–1837).

jackson vetoed because he thought a monopolistic bank was unconstitutional and that resulted in the shutdown of the Bank and its replacement by state banks.

Anti-Masonic Party

attacked the secret societies of Masons and accused them of belonging to an antidemocratic elite

Pet banks

state banks where President Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal national bank

Specie Circular

it required that all public lands be purchased with specie (gold and silver)

Panic of 1837

economic downturn caused by loose lending practices of state banks' and over-speculation (specie circular). President Van Buren spent most of his time in office attempting to stabilize and lessen the economic situation caused by President Jackson

“Self-Reliance”

An essay written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, emphasizing the importance of the individual effort and autonomy

idk why the hell this is relevant

nationalistic??????

Ancient Order of Hibernians

secret irish society in america

Molly Maguires

secret irish society in america

Tammany Hall

It became the main local political machine of the Democratic Party and played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics, and helped immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise in American politics from the 1850s into the 1960s.

Know-Nothing Party

xenophobic ams who were numerous enough to have a political party (nothing as big or significant as democratic reps or whigs)

Awful Disclosures

Maria Monk's sensational exposé of alleged horrors in Catholic convents.

Its popularity reflected nativist fears of Catholic influence.

cotton gin

an invention created by Eli Whitney that made separating cotton easier. this made cotton more profitable to Southern states

Limited liability

permitted individual investors to only risk his share of corporations stock in legal cases or bankruptcy

investors and owners private assets are not at risk

Commonwealth v. Hunt

established that peaceful unions had the right to negotiate labor contracts with employers

Cult of domesticity

glorified functions of homemaker, basically goes hand in hand with republican motherhood

McCormick reaper

reaper: west as cotton gin: south

caused people to want more acres now that they could harvest faster

food production could be for foreign markets

Lancaster Turnpike

impt road, stimulated the construction of toll roads that connected major cities, enabled westward expansion

Erie Canal

linked the economies of western farms & major cities. resulted in more canals in other states

Clipper ships

idk had lots of sails i guess???

Market revolution

transformed American business and global trade

sectionalism

loyalty to ones own region

Samuel Slater

father of the American Industrial Revolution

Lowell System; textile mills

a labor production system where the manufacturing process for was done under one roof; a factory or facility that produces textiles from yarn or fabric into usable textiles