Lecture Notes on DNA and Bacterial Transformation

Flashcards summarizing key concepts from the lecture notes on DNA, its structure, and significant experiments.

Frederick Griffith

Conducted experiments in 1928 involving bacterial transformation where external DNA is taken up by a cell.

Oswald Avery

Isolated components (protein, RNA, DNA, lipids) to show that DNA is the genetic material.

Bacteriophage

A virus that infects bacteria.

Chargaff's Rules

States that in DNA, the amount of Adenine (A) equals Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) equals Cytosine (C).

Nucleoside

Composed of a nitrogenous base and a sugar.

Nucleotide

A nucleoside bonded to one, two, or three phosphate groups.

Pyrimidines

Single-ringed nitrogenous bases (C, T, U) smaller than purines.

Purines

Double-ringed nitrogenous bases (A, G).

DNA Structure

Consists of nucleotides with a nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar, and phosphate group.

Anti-parallel

Describes the opposite orientation of the two strands in a DNA double helix.

Double Helix Structure

The structure of DNA consisting of two strands twisted into a right-handed helix.

Rosalind Franklin

Used X-ray diffraction to study the structure of DNA.

Watson and Crick

Determined the structure of DNA at Cambridge, known for the model of the double helix.