Med Term CH 14

periosteum

periosteum

outermost layer of bone, made of fibrous tissue

compact bone

dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum

cancellous bone

contains little spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bone (spongy bone)

endosteum

membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone

diaphysis

shaft of the long bones

bone marrow

material found in the cavities of bones

maxilla

upper jawbone

vertebral column

made up of bones called vertebrae through which the spinal cord runs, protects the spinal cord, supports head, provides points of attachment for ribs and muscles

cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)

first set of 7 bones, forming the neck

thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)

second set of 12 vertebrae, articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs to form outward curve of spine

lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)

third set of vertebrae, forms inward curve of spine

clavicle

collar bone

scapula

shoulder

humerus

upper arm

carpal bones

wrist bones

pelvis

made up of 3 bon3es fused together (pelvic or hip bones)

ilium

upper wing shaped part of each side of the pelvis

femur

upper leg

tibia and fibula

lower leg

metatarsal bones

foot bones

joint

aka articulations; junction of 2 or more bones, often allows for movement

intervertebral disk

cartilaginous pad found between vertebrae

bursa (pl.-ae)

fluid filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another

ligament

tough band of fibrous tissue that attaches one bone to another joint

tendon

band of fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bone

skeletal muscles

attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible. they work by pulling and working in pairs, voluntary muscles (striated muscles)

smooth muscles

located in internal organs such as the walls of blood vessels, involuntary muscles (unstriated muscles)

cardiac muscle

forms most of the wall of the heart, involuntary contraction produces heartbeat (myocardium)

carp/o

carpals

clavic/o, clavicul/o

clavicle

cost/o

rib

crani/o

cranium (skull)

femor/o

femur

fibul/o

fibula

humer/o

humerus

ili/o

ilium

ischi/o

ischium

lumb/o

loin, lumbar spine

mandibul/o

mandible

maxill/o

maxilla

patell/o

patella

pelv/i

pelvis, pelvic bone, pelvic cavity

phalang/o

phalanges

pub/o

pubis

rachi/o, spondyl/o, vertebr/o

vertebra, spine, spinal column

radi/o

radius

sacr/o

sacrum

scapul/o

scapula

stern/o

sternum

tars/o

tarsals

tibi/o

tibia

uln/o

ulna

aponeur/o

aponerurosis

arthr/o

joint

burs/o

bursa

chondr/o

cartilage

disk/o

intervertebral disk

menisc/o

meniscus

synovi/o

synovia, synovial membrane

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

tendon

ankyl/o

stiff, bent

kinesi/o

movement, motion

kyph/o

hump (increased convexity of the spine)

lamin/o

lamina (thin, flat plate or layer

lord/o

bent forward

my/o, myos/o

muscle

myel/o

bone marrow

oste/o

bone

petr/o

stone

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

scoili/o

(lateral) curved (spine)

inter-

between

supra-

above

sym-, syn-

together, joined

-asthenia

weakness

-desis

surgical fixation, fusion

-physis

growth

-schisis

split, fissure

-trophy

nourishment, development

ankylosis

abnormal condition of stiffness

arthritis

inflammation of a joint

chondromalacia

softening of the cartilage

cranioschisis

fissure of the cranium

fibromyalgia

pain in the fibrous tissue and muscles

kyphosis

abnormal condition of a hump (hunchback)

lordosis

abnormal condition of bending forward (swayback)

myasthenia

muscle weakness

osteitis

inflammation of a bone

osteoarthritis (OA)

inflammation of the bone and joint

osteochondritis

inflammation of the bone and cartilage

osteomalacia

softening of the bone

osteomyelitis

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

osteosarcoma

malignant tumor of the bone

rhabdomyolysis

dissolution of striated muscle

sarcopenia

abnormal reduction of connective tissue

scoliosis

abnormal condition of lateral curved spine

spondylarthritis

inflammation of the vertebral joints

spondylosis

abnormal condition of the vertebrae

tendinitis

inflammation of a tendon

ankylosing spondylitis

form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures, as it progresses it causes a forward bend to the spine (strumpell-marie arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis)