06 Doors and Windows, Glass, Stairs, & Conveying Systems

Doors

A hinged, sliding, or folding barrier of wood, metal, or glass for opening and closing an entrance to a building, room, or cabinet

Rail

Any of various horizontal members framing panels, as in a system of paneling, a paneled door, window sash, or chest of drawers

Stile

Any of various upright members framing panels, as in a system of paneling, a paneled door, window sash, or a chest of drawers

Swing Doors

A door that turns on hinges or pivots about a vertical edges when pushed or pulled

Sliding Door

A door that operates or moves by sliding on a track usually parallel to a wall

Pivot Door

A door carried on and swinging about on a center or offset pivot, as distinguished from one hung on hinges

Folding Door

A door with hinged sections that can be folded flat against one another when opened

Revolving Door

An entrance door for excluding drafts from the interior of a building, consisting of hour leaves set in the form of a cross and rotating about a central, vertical pivot within a cylindrically shaped vestibule

Roll-up Door

A large door consisting of horizontal interlocking metal slats guided by a track on either side, opening by colling about an overhead drum at the head of the door opening

French Door

A door having rectangular glass panes extending throughout its length, and often hung in pairs

Louvered Door

A door having a louvered opening for the passage or circulation of air

Dutch Door

A door divided horizontally so that the upper or lower part can be opened or closed separate

Jib Door

A door hinged to be flush with the wall on either side and treated so as to be indiscernible when closed

Flushed Door

A door having smooth-surfaced faces

Panel Door

A door having a framework of stiles, rails, and sometimes muntins, filled with panels of a thinner material

Hollow Core

A wood flush door having a framework of stiles and rails encasing an expanded honeycomb core of corrugated fiberboard or a grid of interlocking horizontal and vertical wood strips

Solid Core

A wood flush door having a solid core of staved lumber, particleboard, or a mineral composition

Windows

An opening in the wall of a building for admitting light and air usually fitted with a frame in which are set operable sashes containing panes of glass

Muntin

Rabbeted and member for holding the edges of window panes within a sash; Also called glazing bar, sash bar

Mullion

Vertical member between the lights of a window

Light

Medium for admitting light as one compartment open window or window sash; Also called day

Fanlight

A semicircular or semi-elliptical window over a doorway or another window

Sash

The fixed or movable framework of a window or door in which panes of glass are set

Pane

One of the divisions of a window or door, consisting of a single unit of glass

Glass

A hard, brittle, usually transparent or translucent substance, produced by fusing silica together with a flux and a stabilizer into a mass that cools to a rigid condition without crystallization

Sheet Glass

Glass that has been drawn out of the furnace and flattened

Float Glass

Glass that has been poured out of the furnace and float in a thin bath for quick cooling process

Plate Glass

Glass where the molten mixture will roll out of the furnace and dry naturally

Annealed Glass

Glass that is cooled slowly to relieve internal stresses

Tempered Glass

Annealed glass that is partially tempered by reheating and sudden cooling to induce compressive stresses in the surfaces and edges of the glass and tensile stresses in the interior

Laminated Glass

Also called safety glass; Two or more plies of flat glass bonded under heat and pressure to interlayers of polyvinyl butyral resin that retains the fragments if the glass is broken

Window Glass

Used for glazing windows doors and storm sash in residential buildings where good light and vision are required at moderate cost

Security Glass

Laminated glass that has exceptional tensile and impact strength used in bullet-proof glass

Wired Glass

Flat or patterned glass having a square or diamond wire mesh embedded within it to prevent shattering in the event of breakage or excessive heat; Prevents shattering of the glass

Patterned Glass

Glass having an irregular surface pattern formed in the rolling process to obscure vision or to diffuse light

Obscure Glass

Glass having one or both sides acid-etched or sandblasted to obscure vision

Insulating Glass

A glass unit consisting of two or more sheets of glass separated by hermetically-sealed airspaces

Tinted Glass

Glass having a chemical admixture to absorb a portion of the radiant heat and visible light that strike it

Blue-Green Tint

What kind of tint does iron oxide impart?

Grayish Tint

What kind of tint does cobalt oxide and nickel impart?

Bronze Tint

What kind of tint does selenium impart?

Reflective Glass

Glass having a thin, translucent metallic coating bonded to the exterior or interior surface to reflect a portion of the light and radiant heat that strike it

Spandrel Glass

An opaque glass for concealing the structural elements in curtain wall construction, produced by fusing a ceramic frit to the interior surface of tempered or heat-strengthened glass

Glazing

Process of installing glass into a building; Panes or sheets of glass or transparent material made to be set in frames— windows, doors, mirrors

Face Glazing

The setting of a glass pane in a rabbeted frame, holding it in place with the glazier’s points, and sealing it with a beveled bead of putty or glazing compound

Wet Glazing

The setting of glass in a window frame with glazing tape or a liquid sealant

Dry Glazing

The setting glass in a window frame with a compression gasket instead of glazing tape or a liquid sealant

Putty

A compound of whiting and linseed oil, of dough like consistency when fresh, used in securing windowpanes or patching woodwork defects

Stairs

One of a flight or series of steps for going from one level to another, as in the building

Cocktail

A term given to a winding staircase

Knee

The convex bend at the back of the handrail

Carriage

Inclined structural member that supports the steps of a stair

Balanced Step

Any of a series of winders so arranged that they are nearly as wide at the inside of the stair as the adjacent fliers

Baluster

(A) Any of a number of closely spaced supports for a railing

Handrail

(B) A rail providing a handhold and serving as a support at the side of a stair or platform

Newel Cap

(C) The terminal feature of a newel post often molded or turned in a decorative manner

Newel

(D) A post supporting one end of a handrail at the top or bottom of a flight of stairs

Tread

(E) The horizontal upper surface of a step in a stair, on which the foot is placed

Nosing

(F) The usually rounded edge of a stair tread that extends over the riser

Riser

(G) The vertical face of a stair step

Stringer

(H) Structural support for stair threads; One of the sloping boards running alongside a staircase to support or cover the ends of the treads and risers

Run

(I) The horizontal distance between successive risers or between the first and last risers of a flight of steps

Rise

(J) The measured height of a stair step or a flight of steps

170-200

What is the standard dimensions of the rise?

280-300

What is the standard dimension for the run?

1”

How long should the nosing protrude in a staircase?

900

How high should the handrail be?

50

How thick should the handrail grip be?

180

In curved stairs, what is the minimum length for the shorter end of a step?

Ramp

A short, concave slope or bend as one connecting the higher and lower parts of a stair railing at a landing

Winder

A more or less wedge shaped stair step for changing direction

Landing

A platform between flights of stairs or the floor at the foot or head of a flight of stairs

Elevators

A moving platform or cage for carrying passengers or freight from one level of a building to another

Elish Otis

Who invented the first elevator in 1854?

Werner Von Siemens

Who invented the first electric elevator in 1880?

Variable Speed Motor

First used in 1903 which made elevator rides more comfortable

Oil Hydraulic Elevator

A type of elevator system consisting of a car supported by a piston that is moved by or moved against a fluid under pressure

Electric Elevator

A type of elevator system consisting of a car that is mounted on guide rails supported by hoisting cables, and driven by electric hoisting machine

Freight Elevator

An elevator for carrying heavy cargo, on which the operator and the persons necessary for unloading and loading the freight are permitted to ride

Dumbwaiter

A small elevator for conveying food, dishes, or other materials between the floors of a building

Hoisting

A vertical enclosed space for the travel of one or more elevators; Also called elevator shaft

Escalator

A power driven stairway consisting of steps attached to a continuously circulating belt, used for moving passengers up and down between floors

Lantern

A light, usually over the entrance to an elevator on each floor of a multistory building, that signals the approach of the elevator

Annunciator

A signaling apparatus in an elevator car or at a landing that displays a visual indication of floor landings

Call Button

A push button for requesting an elevator

Door Interlock

A safety device for preventing the operation of an elevator car unless its door or gate is fully closed; Also called gate contact

32” and 48”

What are the standard widths of escalators?

30 degrees

What is the angle of inclination for escalators?

90 fpm and 120 fpm

What are the standard speeds of escalators?

Moving Walks

A power-driven, continuously moving surface, similar to a conveyer belt, used for carrying pedestrians horizontally or along low inclines

People Movers

Any various forms of mass transit, such as moving sidewalks or automated driverless vehicles, used for shuttling people around airports or in congested urban areas

Inclined Lifts

A chair or platform mounted on a steel guide rail and driven by an electric motor, used for raising or lowering a person or goods along a stairway; Also called stair lift

Buffer

A piston or spring device in elevator for absorbing the Impact of a descending elevator car or counterweight at the extreme lower limit of travel