CV response to exercise

Q; SV; HR

during short term light-moderate submax aerobic exercise ____ , _____ ,and ____ increase and then plateau because we are able to transport enough O2 to meet metabolic demands

increases; Q

during short term light-moderate submax aerobic exercise SBP ____ and then plateaus due to increased ____

decrease

during short term light-moderate submax aerobic exercise DBP may ____ slightly

increases

during short term light-moderate submax aerobic exercise MAP ____ but less than SBP, and then plateaus at steady state w/in 2 min

decreases; vasodilation

during short term light-moderate submax aerobic exercise TPR ____ rapidly and then plateaus due to _____

increases; HR

during short term light-moderate submax aerobic exercise RPP ___ and then plateaus due to increased ____ and SBP

- more O2 required by heart

increases

during long term moderate-heavy submax aerobic exercise Q ____ rapidly and then plateaus

- greater absolute increase than light-moderate

increases; negative

during long term moderate-heavy submax aerobic exercise SV ____ rapidly and then plateaus, however a ____ drift occurs after around 30 mins due to thermoregulatory stress

- sweating takes some BV away from heart

increases; positive

during long term moderate-heavy submax aerobic exercise HR ____ rapidly and then plateaus, however, a ____ drift occurs after around 30 mins in order to maintain cardiac output

- SV decreased so HR has to make up for it

increases; negative

during long term moderate-heavy submax aerobic exercise SBP ____ rapidly and then plateaus and eventually has a ____ drift due to continued vasodilation and decrease in resistance

decrease

during long term moderate-heavy submax aerobic exercise DBP may slightly ____ due to vasodilation

modest

during long term moderate-heavy submax aerobic exercise MAP has a ____ increase

decreases; negative

during long term moderate-heavy submax aerobic exercise TPR ____ rapidly and then plateaus and eventually has a slight ____ drift due to vasodilation in active skeletal muscle and cutaneous vessels

increases; positive

during long term moderate-heavy submax aerobic exercise RPP ____ rapidly and then plateaus and eventually has a ____ drift after around 30 mins due to HR increase (>SBP decrease)

- increased HR = increased workload of heart

increases

during aerobic exercise to maximum Q ____ with a plateau at max

- after 40-50% of VO2max this increase is due to HR (untrained)

increases; 40-50%

during aerobic exercise to maximum SV ____ initially but plateaus at ____ to ____% of VO2max

- only so much blood to be pumped (increased HR=decreased ventricular filling=decreased SV)

increases

during aerobic exercise to maximum HR ____ with a plateau at max

increases

during aerobic exercise to maximum SBP ____ with a plateau at max

- due to increased Q (>decreased R)

decrease

during aerobic exercise to maximum DBP may ____ or not change at all

increase

during aerobic exercise to maximum MAP has a small ____

decreases; vasodilation

during aerobic exercise to maximum TPR ____ curvilinearly due to ____

- keeps MAP from increasing too much

increases

during aerobic exercise to maximum RPP ____ with a plateau at max

increase

during static exercise Q has a modest ____ due to increased HR

low; decreases

during static exercise SV is relatively constant at ____ workloads and ____ at high workloads

- due to occlusion (decreased venous return=decreased preload=increased afterload)

increase

during static exercise HR has a modest gradual ____

- depends on intensity

increase

during static exercise SBP, DBP, and MAP have a marked steady ____

- due to occlusion

decreases

during static exercise TPR ____

increase

during static exercise RPP has a marked steady ____

- due to increased HR and SBP (more workload)

increases

while holding a 30 min quad contraction at 5% MVC blood flow ____ during the contraction and then drops off during relaxation

following

while holding a 4 min quad contraction at 25% MVC BF is highest ____ the contraction because of a phenomenon called reactive hyperemia

- during the contraction anaerobic pathways are primarily used and thus don't rely on O2 in blood

increase

during dynamic resistance exercise Q has a modest gradual ____

decrease

during dynamic resistance exercise SV has little change but maybe a slight ____

- due to occlusion

increases

during dynamic resistance exercise HR, SBP, and MAP ____ gradually with the number of reps performed

change

during dynamic resistance exercise DBP has no ____

increase

during dynamic resistance exercise TPR has a slight ____ due to the pressor response

increases

during dynamic resistance exercise RPP ___ gradually with the number of reps performed

- due to increased myocardial O2 consumption, increased HR and increased SBP

increase

during reps till failure HR has a constant ___ until failure is reached

decreases; increases

during reps till failure MAP ___ during the eccentric contraction and ____ during the concentric contraction

skeletal; volume

during light aerobic exercise 47% of Q is distributed to ____ muscle but the heart receives the same percentage of Q but there is more ____

Q; greater

during heavy exercise the skeletal muscle receives 71% of ____ and the heart still receives the same percentage of Q but the volume is ___

factors limiting VO2max

typically the CV system the most

- Q (HR and SV)

- arterial BF

- hemoglobin concentration

respiratory system

skeletal muscle/metabolic function

avO2 difference

The difference between the oxygen concentration in the blood in the arteries and veins

- tells us how much O2 is used by the tissues

upper body exercise

higher HR, BP, and TPR

higher RPP

activates SNS more than lower body

static hand grip causes the pressor response (increased HR/BP) because it occludes BF

lower body exercise

higher Q and higher O2 consumption

- due to more muscle mass

higher SV due to muscle mass

- increased venous return

females

____ have a higher Q and HR and lower SV than males at the same absolute workload

relative

females have a lower Q and SV and higher HR than males at ____ workload.

- due to the fact that they are working harder (less muscle mass)

males tend to have higher SBP than females

females

all of these statements are true for _____

they are typically smaller due to less muscle mass and smaller heart

they have lower O2 carrying capacity than men due to less Hb

they have a lower VO2max

males

____ have higher VO2 due to larger hearts and greater O2 carrying capacity

small

during incremental to maximum exercise there is a ____ sex difference when data is normalized

6%

males have around what percent more RBCs ?

10-15%

males have ____ to ____ percent more Hb than females

Q; SV

males have higher ____ and ____ than females

- however relative SV is similar between sexes

SBP

males have higher RPP due to higher ___

after puberty

when does a sex difference emerge for VO2max?

age-predicted HR max

why is HR similar between sexes during incremental to maximal exercise?

no

during static exercise is there a sex difference with HR?

males

during static exercise ____ have higher MAP before, during, and after exercise

similar; SV; HR

short term light to moderate and long term moderate to heavy exercise in children shows:

- pattern of CV response to submax exercise is _____ to adults

- lower ___ at all intensities of exercise compared to adults

- higher ____ than adults (this response is most robust in children_

lower

children have a ____ VO2max at all intensities of exercise compared to adults due to their size

60-70%

at what percent of VO2max does a child's HR begin to taper?

higher

children have ____ max HRs than adults

- determined by age

cardiorespiratory

VO2max is not necessarily an indicator of _____ endurance in kids

age

performance on the PACER test improves with ____

same

in male children their relative VO2max stays the ____ between the ages of 6 and 18

similar

children have ____ responses to static exercise as adults

lower; higher

short-term light to moderate and long term moderate to heavy submax exercise in adults

at absolute workload

- Q and SV ____ than young adults

- HR, SBP, DBP, MAP, TPR, RPP, and myocardial O2 consumption _____ than young adults

incremental to maximum

these statements are true for what exercise in older adults?

- lower max HR, VO2max, Q, and SV

- VO2max declines by 10% per decade starting at age 30 (possibly greater decline for men than women)

- higher max SBP, DBP, MAP

- lower RPP at max in older adults

static exercise

these statements are true for what exercise in older adults?

- lower Q, SV, HR, and RPP

- higher SBP and DBP