Pre Lab Exam 7

Phylum Echinodermata

A phylum of marine animals characterized by a hard calcareous skeleton and a water vascular system. This phylum has 5 classes that are distinguished based on the arrangement of their ossicles.

Coelomates

Organisms with a true coelom, a fluid-filled body cavity lined by mesoderm. Includes protostomes and deuterostomes

Protostomes

Animals in which the blastopore becomes the mouth and coelom forms by splitting of the mesoderm. The cleavage is spiral and determinate

Deuterostomes

Animals in which the blastopore becomes the anus and coelom forms by an outpocketing of the primitive gut. The cleavage is radial and indeterminate

Water Vascular System

A network of water-filled canals in echinoderms that consists of a series of coelomic hollow projections (tube feet).

Muscle contractions and hydrostatic pressure extend and move the tube feet and other parts of the system for locomotion.

Class Asteroidea

Class of echinoderms that includes sea stars, characterized by a central disc and tube feet. The Ossicles are arranged loosely under the skin; spines are small and blunt.

The madreporite connects the water vascular system with the environment.

Class Ophiuroidea

Class of echinoderms that includes brittle stars, known for their long, slender arms that can detach as a defense mechanism.. They have thick Ossicles and attached musculature that can for sheilds on the surface.

Class Crinoidea

Class of echinoderms that are ancient. They includes sea lilies and feather stars, that are often stalked and van be permanently attached. The ossicles are well developed and give the animal a coarse, jointed appearance. Their oral surface (mouth and anus) usually faces up.

Class Echinoidea

Class of echinoderms that includes sea urchins and sand dollars, with a solid shell made of fused ossicles. They lack distinct arms and the spines are jointed and moveable, longer than other echinoderms. Movement is controlled by spines and long tube feet.

Holothuroidea

Class of echinoderms that includes sea cucumbers, which have soft bodies and reduced ossicles and few spines if any. They have modified tube feet tentacles

Phylum Chordata

Phylum that includes all animals that have a notochord (cartilaginous rod on the dorsal side of the gut), dorsal hollow nerve cord, and pharyngeal slits, and a postanal tail.

Urochordata

A sessile and orand/or planktonic marine Subphylum of chordates that includes tunicates and sea squirts, characterized by a tunic and filter feeding.Their larvae possess the general chordate form.

Cephalochordata

Subphylum of chordates that includes lancelets, small fish-like organisms that burrow in sand.

Vertebrata

Subphylum of chordates that includes a distinct head vertebral column that replaces the notochord in adults and surrounds the ventral nerve cord.

ossicles

Internal skeleton made of calcareous plates

Fishes

A class that’s in Subphylum Vertebrata that Includes, Chondrichthyes, and Actinopterygii

Terrestrial tetrapods

A class thats in the Subphylum Vertebrata that Includes Amphibia, reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia