RRC Module 1 Introduction WS

Sublimation

Solid to Gas

Deposition

Gas to Solid

Melting

Solid to Liquid

Freezing

Liquid to Solid

Evaporation

Liquid to Gas

Condensation

Gas to Liquid

3%

percentage of fresh water on Earth

Dam

It is a solid barrier constructed at a suitable location across a river valley to store flowing water.

Storage dam

Store impound water in periods of surplus supply.

diversion dam

Dam that is used for irrigation and for diversion of water from streams to a storage reservoir and treatment plant.

Water Quality

It is the characteristics of water with respect to its suitability for drinking.

Turbidity

pH

Residual Chlorine

Microbiological Quality

Color

Taste & Odor

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

Main Water Quality Parameters

turbidity

refers to cloudiness of water

pH

measure the basicity or acidity of a solution

pH

it indicates the effectiveness of coagulation/flocculation process

Residual Chlorine

Remaining chlorine available for disinfection

green or blue

color of water that is usually caused by corrosion of copper plumbing

Red or dark brown

color of water that generally indicates iron rust or manganese in the water or pipe sediment

cloudy white

color of water that is usually due to turbidity

Total Dissolved Solids

Measure of combined content of all organic and inorganic substances contained in a liquid.

Screening

Prevent foreign objects such as grass, leaves, tree limbs and other large floatables to enter the process.

Aeration

Process of bringing water and air into close contact and removes dissolved/trapped gases such as carbon dioxide

Coagulation

Promotes aggregation of small particles into large particles by rapid mixing.

Flocculation

Formation of small particles into big ones (flocs), ready for sedimentation process and utilizes slow mixing.

Flotation

It is the process that clarifies wastewater or other waters by the removal of suspended matter such as oil or solids.

Separating suspended solid matter from a liquid by causing the latter to pass through the pores of some substance called filter

Filtrate

The liquid which has passed through the filter is called ______.

Reverse Osmosis

It is the process that removes contaminants from water by using pressure to force water molecules through a semipermeable membrane.

Disinfection

Filtering out harmful microbes by adding disinfectant chemical in the last step of water purification.