Biology EOC PART3

Replication

DNA to DNA; occurs in the nucleus

Transcription

DNA to mRNA. Occurs in the nucleus. mRNA then leaves and travels to the ribosome

Translation

mRNA to protein. Occurs in the ribosome. rRNA and tRNA play a role in the process of translation

Dominate

An allele is considered dominant when it hides or masks other alleles. Represented with CAPITAL letters

Recessive

An allele is considered recessive when it can be expressed only if no other allele for that trait is present, represent with lowercase letters.

Homozygous

Have two identical alleles for a trait. HH or hh

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a trait. Hh

Allele

An allele is a specific form of gene

Trait

Characteristics or an organism; height, hair color, eye color, flower color, etc.

Genes

Genes are the parts of a chromosome that determine a specific trait of an organism

Genotype

The genotype for an organism is represented by actual alleles for a trait. Bb

Phenotype

The phenotype for an organism is the actual physical expression for the alleles, brown hair

DNA fingerprinting

A method to compare DNA samples. Can be used to determine paternity or solve crimes

Karyotype/Chromosomal Analysis

Picture of a persons homologous chromosomes, can be used to determine chromosomal mutations and disorders

Genetic Engineering/Modification

Uses viruses to insert beneficial genes into other organisms

Organelle involved in photosynthesis

Chloroplast

What is photosynthesis equation

6CO2 + 6H2O + light + chlorophyll > C6H12O6 + 6O2

(Water and carbon dioxide(from the air)are combine to make sugar(glucose) and oxygen. Light and chlorophyll must be present)

in what type of cells does photosynthesis occur

Plants, some plant like protists and blue green algae

Organelle involved with cellular respiration

Mitocondria

Equation for cellular respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)

( sugars and oxygen are broken down into carbon dioxide, waters and energy)

What type of cells does cellular respiration occur

All cells (plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, & protists)

Why is cellular respiration important

Transforms energy stored in all the bonds of carbohydrates into a form usable by the cell (ATP)

Predation

One organism kills and eats another organism (snake and mouse

Parasitism

One organism(host)is harmed and the other organism (parasite) is benefited. (Dog and flea)

Mutualism

Both organisms benefit by living together (bees and flowers)

Competition

When two organism try to use the same resources (vultures fighting over food)

Darwin

Studied the evolution of finches in the Galápagos Islands

Hooke

Saw dead cells in cork

Pasteur

Created first vaccine

Linnaeus

Developed taxonomy system

Watson & Crick

Discovered shape if DNA, with the help of a picture from Franklin

Mendel

Studied the genetics of peas

Leewenhooke

Saw living microorganisms in pond water

Schlieden & Schwann

Discovered all living things are made of cells