RICA Subtest 1 - Fluency and Word Analysis

What are the 3 criteria for Reading Fluency

Accuracy, rate, and prosody.

What is accuracy?

Correct pronunciation with automaticity. Involves the use of phonics skills, sight words, orthographic knowledge, structural analysis skills and syllabic analysis.

What is speed (Rate)?

Pace of reading, measured by words per minute.

What is Prosody

The ability to read with the right expression. Use appropriate phrasing and emphasis. Have appropriate tone. Follow punctuation rules.

Fluency development structure

Letter names and sight words, Listening to proficient readers and following along, Reading decodable text and rereading, Reading longer connected text.

What are fluency challenges

Weak word analysis skills, Weak decoding skills, Weak high-frequency sight words

What are some strategies for Improving all components of Fluency?

Oral reading with the teacher, repeated reading

What are 3 components of teacher reading?

Teacher modeling, student practicing, teacher feedback

Strategies for building Accuracy

1. Systematic explicit instruction in phonemic awareness, phonics and sight words.

2. Systematic explicit instruction in structural analysis skills, syllabic analysis skills and orthographic knowledge.

Strategies for building Prosody

1. Model reading

2. Partner reading

3. Practice saying reading sentences with emotions

4. Reader’s theater to practice and hear inflection and phrasing modeled (acting)

Strategies for building Speed (Rate)

1. Whisper reading (w/ teacher feedback)

2. Timed reading

3. Independent silent reading

4. Partner reading (At same level)

5. Poetry (short fun passages)

Assessments of fluency

1. Accuracy - Running records (95%)

2. Speed - Timed Reading

3. Prosody - Expression, Pitch, Punctuation, Characterization

What is Word Analysis

1. Phonological and Phonemic Awareness

2. Concepts about print, letter recognition, and alphabetic principles

3. Phonics and Sight words

4. Syllabi Analysis, Structural Analysis and Orthographic Knowledge

Phonological and Phonemic Awareness

Phonological Awareness: English is composed of smaller units

Phonemic Awareness: Ability to distinguish separate phonemes (sounds) in a word. Involves onset and rhymes

Phonics

The relationship between letters and sounds

Alphabetic principle: Speech is represented by letters

Phonemes: A speech sound

Grapheme: A written representation of a phoneme

Levels of Phonological Awareness

1. Rhyme awareness and Alliteration

2. Word Awareness

3. Syllables: Segmenting and Blending

4. Onset and Rimes

5. Phonemic sound Awareness

What is alliteration?

The ability to identify when words have the same beginning sound.

Word Awareness

Know how many words are in one sentence

Syllables

The ability to hear the individual units of vowel sounds that make up the word

Onset and Rimes

Onset refers to the initial consonant sound of a syllable, while rime is the vowel and any following consonants in that syllable.

Phonemic sound awareness

The ability to hear a single sound in a position of a word

Isolating

Initial - C in CAT

Medial - A in CAT

Final - T in CAT

Blending

D - O - G

Segmentation

Break down the word into separate sounds

bag = b - a - g

Addition

Adding a sound to the beginning of a word to create a new word.

Park with S at beginning = Spark

Deletion

Removing a sound from a word

Spark without the S = Park

Substitution

Replace one phoneme with another

Change p in park with b = bark

Concepts of Print

Knowing that print has meaning

Directionality and tracking

Know that the text goes from left to right, top to bottom, books from front to back

Letter word and sentence recognition

Know that words are made up of letters and can form sentences. Understanding punctuation and capitalization rules.

Book Orientation

Know the features of a book

Title, author, chapters

Strategies for concepts of print

1. Print rich environment

2. Read oversized books

Alphabetic Knowledge

Letter Recognition

Letter naming

Uppercase and lowercase

Letter formation - Ability to recognize, name, and form letters

Alphabetic principle

Strategies for Alphabetic Knowledge

1. Sing the alphabet

2. Read alphabet books

3. Use letter games and activities to reinforce letter recognition and sounds.

4. Shared book experiences

5. Tactile, auditory, and kinesthetic

Phonics and sight words

Word identification - Read aloud decode words correctly

Word recognition - Word meaning

Phonics - Instruction that connects phonemes (sounds) with graphemes (written symbols)

Sight Words

High Frequency words - This, on, because

Irregular spelling - break, thought, dream

Interest words -

Content specific - butterfly

Phonics patterns

1. Consonant blends - Blue, bowl, clue, wink, help

2. consonant digraphs

3. Silent E

4. Vowel Digraphs

5. Diphthongs

6. R-controlled vowels

7. L-controlled vowels

Digraphs

Two consonants that create one sound, such as 'ch', 'sh', or 'th'.

Vowel Digraphs

Two vowels that create one sound, such as 'ai', 'ee', or 'oa'.

Stages of Spelling Development

1. Precommunicative

2. Semiphonetic

3. Phonetic

4. Transitional

5. Conventional

Precommunicative

The initial stage of spelling development where children use letters and symbols but do not yet understand the alphabetic principle, often writing random letters or symbols.

LR2CTS - I like cats

Semiphonetic

The second stage of spelling development where children begin to understand the relationship between sounds and letters, often using some letters to represent sounds in words.

I LK CTZ - I like cats

Phonetic

The stage where children begin to understand the alphabetic principle, using letters to represent sounds in words, often spelling out words phonetically.

I lIK catz

Transitional

The stage of spelling development where children begin to use conventional spelling patterns and understand the rules of spelling, often mixing phonetic spelling with conventional forms.

L liek catz

Conventional

The final stage of spelling development where children consistently use standard spelling conventions and demonstrate a strong understanding of spelling rules.

I like cats

Spelling Assessment

1. Pre-Assessment

2. Progress Monitoring - monitor growth, adjust accordingly

3. Summative Assessment - Record growth

Phonics Strategies

1. Direct and Explicit

2. Systematic - Read and Write

3. Word Families and Word Building

4. Word Building - Elconin Boxes

Word Analysis

1. Morphology

2. Roots - bases for affixes attachments

3. Affixes

   1. Prefixes

   2. Suffixes

4. Derivational and Inflectional Affix

Morphology

The study of word form in language

Relationships between words

1. Semantics - Meaning of words and phrases

2. Synonyms - Similar meanings

3. Antonyms - Opposite meanings

4. Homonyms - Share pronunciation but different meanings

5. Analogies - Compare 2 things that have commonalities

6. Semantic Maps - Make connections