ROMA EXAM

Everything we hav

House of Burgesses

Elected assembly in colonial Virginia, created in 1618.

New Netherlands (Dutch)

Made up of present day New York and New Jersey; wanted to find the Northwest passage and gain access to fur trade

Maryland Colony

Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore, founded to be a place for persecuted Catholics to find refuge, a safe haven, act of toleration

Legislature

a group of people, usually elected, who have the power to make laws

James Oglethorpe

Founder of the Georgia Colony

Magna Carta

a document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges.

Bacon's Rebellion

A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack Native Americans in an attempt to gain more land

Charles Town

first settlement in Carolina

import

to carry into the country

Plantation

large estate farmed by many workers

middle class

People who have just enough to support their needs and few wants.

Mercantilism

The belief that their own colonies should benefit the home country.

Navigation Acts

Laws that regulated trade between England and its colonies in order to ensure that only England benefited from trade with its colonies.

Enlightenment

a movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly. some important people in it were Benjamin Franklin and John Locke

Triangular Trade

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa

Founder of Jamestown

Virginia Company

Founder of Plymouth

Pilgrims

Ohio River Valley

What was the French and Indian War fought over?

Treaty of Paris

agreement that ended the Seven Years' War

Proclamation of 1763

law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

Albany Plan

plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown

Appalachian Mountains

mountain range which colonists could not settle past because of the Proclamation of 1763

Pontiac's Rebellion

1763 - An Indian uprising after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area.

Writs of Assistance

legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled

Sugar Act

law passed by the British Parliament setting taxes on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies

Stamp Act

law stating that colonists had to pay for stamps printed on taxable paper items

Boycott

A refusal to buy or use goods and services. A peaceful way to protest

Townsend Acts

a tax on glass, paper, lead, and tea.

Quartering Acts

Colonists had to provide food, housing, blankets, candles, etc. for the British soldiers.

Boston Massacre

incident in 1770 in which British troops fired on and killed 5 American colonists.

British East India Company

British company created to control trade between Britain, India, and East Asia, which ruled India in the name of Great Britain

Coercive Acts

4 laws passed by British Parliament to punish the colony of the Massachusetts Bay for the Boston Tea Party. (Intolerable Acts)

Lexington and Concord

General Thomas Gage sends troops to seize popular supplies in Concord. The first battle of the Revolutionary War.

Bunker Hill

a battle where Britain was attacking the capital of North Carolina. The colonists had the upper hand on this fight because they had the high ground. Also, they were fighting on their home land, so they had more to lose.

Olive Branch Petition

An offer of peace sent by the Second Continental Congress to King George lll

Delaware River

body of water Washington famously crossed before launching the attack on Trenton by George Washington

Battle of Saratoga

American victory over British troops in 1777 that was a turning point in the American Revolution.

Valley Forge

Continental Army's camp during the winter of 1777-1778. There were very harsh weather conditions and lack of food and clothes.

Siege of Yorktown

In 1781, French and American forces encircled and trapped British General Cornwallis' army, forcing the surrender of 8,000 troops.

Why was the Ohio River important to the French?

It linked their Great Lakes claims with their settlements along the Mississippi River.

Why did Native Americans participate in the French and Indian War?

The American Indians were fighting to maintain control of their land

How did the aftermath of the Proclamation of 1763 show the tension between the British and the colonies?

Many angry settlers ignored the proclamation and moved westward

Why did John Adams defend the British soldiers after the Boston Massacre?

Above all, John Adams believed in upholding the law, and defending the innocent.

How did other colonies react to the Intolerable Acts?

Colonists responded to the Intolerable Acts with a show of unity, convening the First Continental Congress to discuss and negotiate a unified approach to the British.

What was significant about the Battles of Lexington and Concord?

The Battles of Lexington and Concord marked the start of the American Revolution

What Action was taken by the Second Continental Congress to show they were hoping to avoid war?

The Congress sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George and Parliament.

How did the Americans use geography to their advantage at Bunker Hill?

the colonists used the physical geography of the area to their advantage by firing on the British from a relatively safe position on the "high ground" of the battlefield

What did Thomas Paine argue in Common Sense?

He argued for two main points: (1) independence from England and (2) the creation of a democratic republic.

What role did geography play in the Battle of Yorktown?

because the body of water served as another line of defense. The French Navy was able to cut off the escape route the British would have needed to prolong the war.

What land was gained by the colonies after the Treaty of Paris in 1783?

all of the land east of the Mississippi River

Virginia Bill of Rights

- Freedom of Religion

- Freedom of the Press

- Trial by Jury.

- Limits on searches.

- Limits on Arrests.

- No cruel and unusual punishment.

Why would Continental Congress want to limit their power?

It did not have the authority to raise taxes, nor did it have the ability to regulate commerce.

Articles of Confederation

the first constitution of the United States

How did Americans view themselves in their state?

It's a collection of ideals that include the rule of law, equality, freedom, hard work, and individualism.

What did the Articles of Confederation lack?

no power to tax

What was needed to change the articles?

13/13 votes from all states

How did states react to Continental dollar's low value?

Paper bills issued by both Congress and the colonies could not be exchanged for gold or silver.

Land Ordinance of 1785

A major success of the Articles of Confederation. Provided for the orderly surveying and distribution of land belonging to the U.S.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

a law that established a procedure for the admission of new states to the Union

What happened to the economy of the U.S. after the Revolutionary War?

the economy was in shambles

Shays' Rebellion

A 1787 rebellion in veterans and farmers attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high interest rates and taxes

What impact did Shays' rebellion have on the country?

Shays' Rebellion accelerated calls to reform the Articles, eventually resulting in the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

Where was the Constitutional Convention of 1787?

Philadelphia

What was decided at the Constitutional Convention?

To write a new constitution from scratch

George Washington's Farewell Address

Urged the nation to have no political Parties as it weakens the U.S., and to stay neutral in foreign affairs and to avoid permanent alliances with foreign countries

John Adams

2nd president

Thomas Jefferson

Author of the Declaration of Independence.

3rd President of the United States

Alexander Hamilton

a leader of the Federalists, first Treasurer of the United States, creator of the Bank of the U.S., and killed in a duel by the Vice President of the United States, Aaron Burr.

Judiciary Act of 1789

A law passed by the first Congress to establish the federal court system.

Whiskey Rebellion

In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey

Louis XVI

King of France during the French Revolution

Jay Treaty

It said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley

XYZ Affair

A 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats

Napolean

Self-made Emperor of France he led reforms, built an empire, but then lost it.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Series of four laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants

Election of 1800

Jefferson and Burr each received 73 votes in the Electoral College, so the House of Representatives had to decide the outcome. The House chose Jefferson as President and Burr as Vice President.

Laissez-faire

Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy.

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

Missouri River

Lewis and Clark started on this river They used the Missouri River as their highway through the unknown lands.

Zebulon Pike

Explored the southern part of the Louisiana Territory

Barbary Coast

the Mediterranean coast of northern Africa that was famous for its pirates

1807 Embargo

Ordered by President Jefferson, goods no longer could be shipped to Britain. This actually hurt American businesses.

Tecumseh

a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlements

William Henry Harrison

Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Battle of Tippecanoe

Battle between Americans and Native Americans.

James Madison

"Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.

Andrew Jackson

defeated the Creek Indians. 7th president of the US

Fort McHenry

Fort in Baltimore Harbor unsuccessfully bombarded by the British in September 1814

Francis Scott Key

wrote the Star Spangled Banner

Henry Clay

He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812. Based in Kentucky

Treaty of Ghent

Ended the War of 1812

James Monroe

5th President

John C. Calhoun

In 1828, he lead the fight against protective tariffs which hurt the south economically. Favored War of 1812. From South Carolina

American System

Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.