Exam 2 Study Guide

The term Bible is used by Christians to refer to the collection of writings that they regard as authoritative

true

Identify the kind of writings found in the Old Testament:

Narrative, Law, Poetry, Prophecy, Wisdom Literature and Historical Accounts

Identify the alternative names for the Old Testament:

Hebrew Bible

This important Old Testament festival is closely linked with the exodus from Egypt:

Passover

The idea of a _______________________ between God and Abraham and his descendants is introduced in Genesis:

covenant

This city, conquered by David, became the center of Israel's religious life

Jerusalem

The priesthood in Israel was responsible for cultic purity and sacrifices for the sins of the people

True

Identify the prophets in Israel

Moses, Elijah, Amos, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Deborah, Jonah

This king of Persia, who conquered Babylon, allowed the exiles from Judea to return to their homeland

Cyrus the Great

The Gospels were written during Jesus' lifetime:

false

The recitation of narratives important to a community were routine in premodern cultures;

true

List the Synoptic Gospels

Matthew, Mark, and Luke

The largest collection of letters in the New Testament is attributed to:

The Apostle Paul

List the criterion in deciding acceptance into the New Testament canon

apostolicity, orthodoxy, and widespread use.

The early church never had any hesitation about the 27 books of the New Testament:

false

Christianity offers a specific reading of the Old Testament which differs from Jewish readers:

true

Christians tend to view the New Testament as continuing and extending the witness to the words and deeds of the God of Israel:

true

The coming of Jesus of Nazareth is seen by Christians as unconnected to the hopes of the people of Israel:

false

What does the majority position in Christian theology emphasize between the two testaments:

Both testaments point to Jesus Christ

The Vulgate refers to:

A Latin version of the Bible used by the Roman Catholic Church

This person translated the New Testament from the original Greek into everyday German:

Martin Luther

This was the standard and most widely used English translation of the Bible prior to World War I:

King James Version

According to the McGrath text, translation is a never-ending task:

true

What does Irenaeus argue about the relationship of heretics and orthodox to the Bible?

Heretics misinterpret the Bible, while orthodox Christians access the true meaning of the Bible

Simony refers to

the buying and selling of church offices

This Reformer was consistently worried about confessing all of his sins:

Martin Luther

Identify the major beliefs of Martin Luther about righteousness

1. God’s righteousness is is His grace

2. God’s grace allows us to stand in His presence

The concept of _________ was built on the merits of the saints

indulgences

Martin Luther believed in salvation by grace

true

This person posted 95 theses which objected to the Roman Catholic practice of indulgences:

Martin Luther

Martin Luther was never excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church

false

After his break with the Roman Catholic Church, Martin Luther continued to practice the 7 sacraments:

false

This person, a contemporary of Martin Luther, was a reformer in Zurich, Switzerland:

Ulrich Zwingli

List the influences on the thought of John Calvin:

1. Sovereignty of God

2. Dependence on God

3. Study of Greek and Latin

4. Corruption of humanity from sin

5. Unity and equality of humanity

Identify the elements of Henry VIII’s break with the Roman Catholic Church:

1. Henry is the head of the church in England

2. Church land is taken over by the state

3. Goodbye Catherine and Mary

Identify major elements of the English Reformation

List the major Protestant positions

1. Justification by Faith

2. Use of the vernacular

3. Two sacraments- communion of both kinds

4. Reject of papal authority

5. Priority of scripture

6. Tradition is helpful, but not authoritative

7. Priesthood of all believers

8. Reject purgatory - “soul sleep” 

9. Suspicion of Marian thought (ideas of the virgin Mary) and regeneration of saints (they believe this is nothing more than idolatry) 

The founder of the Jesuits was

Ignatius of Loyola

List the Jesuit oaths:

1. Obedience

2. Poverty

3. Chastity

4. Obey the Pope

Francis Xavier was a well-known missionary to Columbia

false

Identify the reforms prescribed by the Council of Trent:

1. Remove simoney and benefices

2. Bishops must visit their churches

3. Local seminaries

4. Bishop is pastor and teacher

5. Mass is regulated

6. No reform of the Pope

List the elements of Catholic doctrine that were reaffirmed by the Council of Trent:

1. Authority of the vulgate (issue of deuterocanonical texts)

2. Salvation is only in the Catholic church

3. Clergy cannot marry

4. Cooperation of free will

5. Affirm transubstantiation

6. Communion in one kind

7. 7 sacraments

8. Authority of tradition

9. Cooperation of free will

The Peace of Augsburg established this standard:

to he who reigns, his religion

The Peace of Westphalia established freedom to choose religion:

true

List the groups identified as the Holiness movements:

1. Anabaptists

2. Puritans

3. Pietists

This person focused on prevenient grace and free will

John Wesley

The Great Awakening was characterized by an emphasis on conversion and conviction of sin:

true

During the Enlightenment, revelation was seen as the primary source of authority:

false

The idea that true existence is found “in the mind thinking” is characteristic of

rationalism

The idea that nothing is purely objective is characteristic of:

causality

Friedrich Schleirmacher believed that the center of Christianity was feeling

true

This Christian thinker believed that faith was messy and risky:

Kierkegaard

Pope Pius IX was an opponent of modernism

true

This council proclaimed the infallibility of the Pope

ultramontanism

List the decisions of Vatican II:

1. Seek christian unity and pastoral reform

2. Participate in the ecumenical movement

3. Inclusion of Eastern Orthodox

4. Protestants as separated brethren

5. Use of the vernacular

6. Mass should consider the needs of individual cultures

7. Encourage reading the bible

8. Movement into present and future

Hesychasm suggests that union with God is impossible

false

The conversion of this person is seen as the foundation of Russian Orthodoxy:

Vladimir I

This person is traditionally seen as responsible for subjecting the Russian Orthodox Church to the Russian State:

Peter the Great

The branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of knowledge:

epistemology

Identify the Roman Catholic response to the broader world in the 19th century

Identify the theologian who posited the theory of correlation

Paul Tillich

Which theologian participated in the plot to kill Hitler

Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Identify the Christian thinker who founded Neo-Orthodoxy

Karl Barth

Identify the theological movement associated with the Azusa Street Revival

Pentecostalism

List the points of emphasis of Evangelicalism

1. Authority of Scripture

2. Exclusivity of Christ and atonement through His death on the cross

3. Personal conversion experience

4. Urgency of mission/evangelism

Identify the individuals impacted by liberation theology

Gustavo Gutiérrez and Pope Francis