other forms of direct democracy

initiative

A procedure, usually involving a petition, through which citizens can call or initiate a referendum or force politicians to consider a legislative proposal

2014 scottish independance electio - led by ‘yes scotland‘

2004 north East England Devolution Referendum - ‘yes 4 the north east’ was led by local politicans, buisness leaders, and activists to create an elected regional assembly for the north east

in Cali 2016 - there was a public push to legalise weed which was successful

focus groups

There are two types of sampling, homogenous sampling in which you poll people of similar backgrounds and characteristics - and heterogenous samplung where you sample people of different backgrounds

Garrido and others (2019)

focus group to find young people response to mental health apps

there were 23 young people aged 13-25

discovered that young people value autonomy and personalisation tools

Alkhaldi and others (2017)

case study to find out how to use emails and text messages to promote engagement with type 2 diabetes intervention

49%of prompts showed a significant association with subsequent visits to the intervention website

citizens assembly

6 select committees of the HoC commissioned citizens climate assembly

brought together 108 people

met for six weekends between jan and may 2020

Irish citizens assembly

focused on the 8th amendment that banned abortion

made up of 99 people

similar to a previous one that caused marriage equality

66 members recommended the scrapping of it

was used in order to allow politicians to avoid the divisiveness of the issue

recall elections

recall of chris davis in 2019

tory mp for Brecon

convicted of false expenses claims

fined £1500 in 2019

election was held

Jane dobbs of the lib dems was elected

Margeret Ferrier MP - breached covid rules by travelling whilst positive

14% of constituancy voted for her removal

primary elections

inter-party elections

closed primaries are where only certain members of parties can vote on

open primaries are where all members of the party can vote

Badenoch (2024) - came to power after sunak stepped down - closed primary as only tory MPs could vote

Truss (2022) - became PM after an open tory vote where all members voted