group 4 & 10 slam tweaker

Titanium does not react with ___ and does not dissolve in ___ at room temperature

alkalis (cold or hot), mineral acids

Titanium reacts with most ___ at high temperatures

non-metals

Industrially, TiCl₄ is prepared by reacting ___ with ___ in the presence of carbon

TiO2, Cl2

TiF₄ is a ___ white solid which forms HF on hydrolysis

hygroscopic

___ molecules are present in the solid and vapor phases of TiCl₄, TiBr₄, and TiI₄

tetrahedral

TiCl4 is the most important Lewis acid, used with AlCl3 as a ___ in organic reactions.

catalyst

Titanium in its compounds exhibits oxidation states of ___.

+4 (most stable), +3, +2, 0 (rare)

TiCl4 and TiBr4 __________ more readily than TiF4.

hydrolyse

At 298 K, TiCl4 is a ___ and TiBr4 is a ___.

colorless liquid, yellow solid

The main uses of TiO2 pigment are ___.

paint, varnish, and lacquer (60%), plastics (20%), paper (12%)

The sulfide process produces TiO2 in the form of ___ and ___.

rutile, anatase

The chloride process produces TiO2 in the form of __________.

rutile

Titanium(III) fluoride is prepared by ___ H2 and Hf over Ti.

passing

TiF₃ is a ___ solid

blue

TiCl₃ exists in ___ forms:
Alpha Form is a ___, prepared by reducing TiCl₄ with H₂ above 770K and has a layer structure with Ti atoms in ___ sites

Beta form is ___, Prepared by heating TiCl₄ with ___

four
violet solid, octahedral
brown, trialkyl aluminum compounds

TiCl3 is used as a ___ in alkene polymerization and is a powerful reducing agent

catalyst

Titanium(II) chloride, bromide, and iodide can be prepared by ___ of TiX₃

thermal disproportionation

Titanium(II) oxide is manufactured by ___ TiO₂ and Ti in vacuo

heating

Titanium(II) oxide is a ___ and a ___ which adopts a defect NaCl-type structure

black solid, metallic conductor

The reactivity of Ni metal is similar to that of ___

Co

Nickel is attacked by dilute ___, made passive by ___ HNO₃, and is resistant to ___.

mineral acids, concentrated, aqueous alkalis

Nickel reacts with __________ to form NiF2, which prevents further attack.

F2

Monel metal is made up of Ni and ___.

Cu

At higher temperatures, Ni reacts with ___, ___, and ___.

P, S, B

___ is far the most important oxidation state for nickel.

Nickel(II)

Low oxidation states are most common in ___ species

organometallic

The formation of Nickel(IV) requires the use of extremely strong ___ agents

oxidizing

Octahedral [NiF6]₂^- is ___ (low-spin d 6) and the red K⁺ salt crystallizes with the K2[PtF₆] structure

diamagnetic

Above ___, K2[NiF6] ___ to K₃[NiF₆]

620 K, decomposes

Salts of [NiF₆]^2- are powerful ___

oxidants

[NF₄]₂[NiF₆] has been used as an oxidizing agent in some solid ___

propellants

The reaction of NiCl₂, KCl and F₂ produces ___ K₃[NiF₆]

violet

Nickel(II) fluoride is made by fluorination of NiCl2, and is a ___ with a ___ structure

yellow solid, rutile

Nickel(I) complexes are rare, but the oxidation state is thought to be involved in the catalytic function ___

nickel-containing enzymes

In a finely divided form, Hf & Zr metals are ___, but the bulk metals are ___

pyrophoric, passivated

The high ___ resistance of Zr is due to the formation of a dense layer of inert ZrO₂

corrosion

At elevated temperatures, Hf & Zr combine with most ___

non-metals

Much of the Zr and Hf chemistry concerns ___ and ___

Zr(IV) and Hf(IV)

The halides ZrX4 and HfX4 are ___.

The solids possess ___ structures, but the vapors contain ___ molecules

white solids
infinite, tetrahedral

ZrF₄ is ___

dimorphic

Both ZrF₄ & ZrCl₄ form highly electrically conducting materials with ___

graphite

___ oxide is inert, and is used as an opacifier in ceramics and enamels and as an additive to synthetic apatites used in dentistry

Zirconium(IV)

Pure ZrO₂ undergoes a phase change at ___

1370 K

In aqueous acidic solution, Zr(IV) compound produces the ___ ZrO₂ * H₂O

white amorphous

The high ___ exhibited in some apparently simple compounds of Zr(IV) & Hf(IV) extend to their complexes

coordination numbers

The ___ ZrX₃, ZrX₂, and ZrX are obtained by reduction of ZrX₄

blue/black halides

In general, there is no ___ of Zr/Hf(I), Zr/Hf(II), or Zr/Hf(III), but exceptions are some hexazirconium clusters which are water-stable

aqueous chemistry

Most zirconium clusters are stabilized by an ___ (Ex. Be, B, C, or N)

interstitial atom

Heating Zr powder, ZrCl₄, and carbon sealed in a Ta tube above ___ produces Zr₆Cl₁₄C

1000 K

In the solid state, these octahedral Zr₆ clusters are connected by bridging ___ to generate extended structures

halide ligands

At 298 K, bulk Pd and Pt are resistant to ___

corrosion

Aqua regia is made up of ___ and ___

hydrochloric acid, nitric acid

The ___ state is more stable for Pt than Pd

M(IV)

Within a given ___, Pd and Pt resemble each other with the exception of their behavior towards oxidizing and reducing agents

oxidation state

Pd(II) and Pt(II) form almost exclusively low spin, ___

square planar complexes

PtF₅ is a ___, PtF₆ is a ___ & has a molecular structure consisting of ___ molecules

tetramer, red solid, octahedral

In redox chemistry, PtF6 is a powerful ___ agent and attacks glass

oxidizing

The only tetrahalide of Pd(IV) is ___

PdF4

Both PtCl₃ & PtBr₃ are ___

mixed-valence compounds

Pd(II) & Pt(II) complexes favor a ___ arrangement of donor atoms

square planar

The first ionization energy of ___ is the lowest of any element

Cs

Pt and Au possess ___ for the enthalpy of attachment of the first election at 298 K

negative values

Cs reacts with ___ sponge at 973 K followed by slow ___

Pt, cooling

In addition to Pt and Pd, the newer three-way catalytic converters contain ___ metal to control oxides of nitrogen.

rhodium

Two countries from which the US imports most of its nickel are ___ and ___.

Canada, Russia