18. face

Most muscles of facial expression insert into

Skin

Innervation of all muscles of facial expression

CN VII motor branches

Occipitofrontalis action

Moves scalp, wrinkles forehead, raises eyebrows

Occipitalis innervation

Posterior auricular branch of CN VII

Frontalis innervation

Temporal branch of CN VII

Orbicularis oculi function

Closes eyelids

Orbital part of orbicularis oculi

Forceful eye closure

Palpebral part of orbicularis oculi

Gentle eye closure

Corrugator supercilii action

Draws eyebrow down and medially and wrinkles skin during frowning

Nasalis transverse part action

Compresses nares

Nasalis alar part action

Opens nares

Procerus action

Draws medial eyebrow downward and wrinkles skin over nasal bridge

Depressor septi nasi action

Widens nares by pulling septum inferiorly

Zygomaticus major action

Elevates corner of mouth

Zygomaticus minor action

Elevates upper lip

Risorius action

Grin (draws corner of mouth laterally)

Levator labii superioris action

Elevates upper lip and deepens nasolabial fold

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi action

Elevates upper lip and flares nostrils

Levator anguli oris action

Elevates corner of mouth

Depressor anguli oris action

Depresses corner of mouth (frowning)

Depressor labii inferioris action

Depresses lower lip laterally

Mentalis action

Pouting and elevates lower lip for drinking

Orbicularis oris action

Closes lips and narrows mouth (whistling)

Buccinator action

Presses cheek against teeth and expels air from cheek

Platysma action

Tenses skin of neck

Auricular muscles function

Vestigial in humans; move ear slightly

Posterior belly of digastric innervation

CN VII

Stylohyoid innervation

CN VII

Stapedius innervation

CN VII

Sensory nerve of forehead and upper eyelid

CN V1

Sensory nerve of cheek and upper lip

CN V2

Sensory nerve of chin and lower lip

Mental nerve (branch of V3)

CN V1 exits skull through

Superior orbital fissure

CN V2 exits skull through

Foramen rotundum

CN V3 exits skull through

Foramen ovale

CN V3 is

Sensory and motor nerve

Auriculotemporal nerve provides sensation to

Ear and temporal region

Buccal nerve provides sensation to

Cheek

Lingual nerve provides sensation to

Anterior 2/3 tongue (general sensation)

Inferior alveolar nerve enters

Mandibular foramen

Inferior alveolar nerve exits

Mental foramen as mental nerve

Mental nerve provides sensation to

Chin and lower lip

Face and scalp mainly supplied by arteries from

External carotid artery

Exception arterial supply from internal carotid

Ophthalmic artery

Bones of calvaria supplied by

Middle meningeal artery

Middle meningeal artery enters skull through

Foramen spinosum

Major venous drainage of face

Facial vein

Facial vein drains into

External jugular vein

Face veins communicate with

Cavernous sinus and pterygoid plexus

Clinical importance of facial veins

Valveless veins allow infection spread to cavernous sinus

Motor exit point of facial nerve from skull

Stylomastoid foramen

Facial nerve travels through before branching on face

Parotid gland

Facial nerve innervates parotid gland

No (passes through only)

Five branches of facial nerve within parotid gland

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical

Mnemonic for facial nerve branches

To Zanzibar By Motor Car

Posterior auricular nerve supplies

Occipitalis and auricular muscles

Facial nerve gives branch to stapedius inside

Facial canal

Facial nerve carries taste from anterior 2/3 tongue via

Chorda tympani

Chorda tympani synapses at

Submandibular ganglion

Chorda tympani hitchhikes on

Lingual nerve (V3)

Greater petrosal nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to

Lacrimal gland

Greater petrosal nerve synapses at

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Greater petrosal fibers hitchhike on

Zygomatic nerve (V2) then lacrimal nerve (V1)

Parasympathetic supply to submandibular gland

Chorda tympani (CN VII)

Parasympathetic supply to lacrimal gland

Greater petrosal nerve (CN VII)

Bell palsy affects which nerve

CN VII

Bell palsy causes

Loss of facial expression on affected side

Bell palsy may cause

Dry eye and decreased taste anterior tongue