CH 40,41,42 vocab quiz

Western Front

fighting in France and Belgium, the decisive battlefront of WWI

Treaty of Versailles

1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Air Force. 2) Germany had to pay war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died.

Fourteen Points

called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations.

Balkan Region

known as the Powder Keg of Europe because all of the different ethnic groups had a lot of tension between them

1914-1918

Years of World War I

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that they would sink any ship in the British waters

Trench Warfare

WWI method of defensive fighting. Horrible living conditions, great slaughter, no gains, stalemate.

the Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria

Militarism

A political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong armed forces and to be prepared to use it aggressively

Isolationism

A policy of avoiding political or military involvement with other countries

1917

year the United States joined WWI

reparations

as part of their punishment Germany had to pay $33 billion to the Allies for war damages

No Man's Land

During world war 1, area between the trenches of opposing aides om the western front

Nationalism

a cause of WWI, strong feeling of cultural superiority made each ethnicity want independence

Eastern Front

fighting in Russia from the Aegean Sea to the Baltic Sea, the secondary battlefront of WWI

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

his assassination sparked the beginning of World War I

Woodrow Wilson

US President known for World War I leadership, created 14 Points Plan,

League of Nations

a new international organization established to maintain peace, although it was an American idea the US did not join

Bolsheviks

the new rulers of Russia, quit the war first, murdered the Tsar, and were not invited to the peace treaty negotiations

fascism:

Originated in movement to establish a totalitarian government in Italy, based on the appeal of the Leader, Benito Mussolini

John Maynard Keynes:

British economist who criticized the Versailles Treaty, anticipating it would lead to future conflict

Totalitarianism:

Attempt to impose total control over public life and serious intervention into private life, in order to create a state in which loyalty to the Leader is the supreme virtue and all dissent is treason

Benito Mussolini:

Founder of fascism and a totalitarian government in Italy

March on Rome:

Massive 1922 demonstration in Italy that brought Mussolini to power

Weimar Republic:

Germany's imposed democratic government, 1918-1933

Ruhr occupation:

The French army occupied the industrial zone in Germany to seize reparations when the German government was slow in sending payments

Dawes Plan:

1924 agreement whereby the French would vacate the Ruhr and reparations payments would be spread over a longer period

irredentism:

Tendency for a national minority inside one country to split away and join another country

"Roaring Twenties"

Name given to the economic (and social) boom during the decade before the Great Depression

March Revolution:

1917 abdication of Czar Nicholas II, that led to a socialist government

Alexander Kerensky:

A moderate, non-Marxist socialist and head of the Provisional Government Republican government in Russia from March to November, 1917

Bolsheviks:

Russian communists who believed in "forcing" the Marxist revolution

Vladimir Lenin:

Bolshevik leader and Soviet dictator, 1917-1924

soviets:

Local councils of workers and soldiers

"Land, peace, bread":

Lenin's campaign slogan in the summer of 1917, calling for land reform, Russia's withdrawal from the war, and an end to wartime food shortages.

Great October Revolution:

Takeover by Lenin's Communist regime from the Provisional Government

Cheka:

First name given to Soviet secret police; later NKVD and KGB

Brest-Litovsk:

1918 treaty that ended Russia's participation in World War I and ceded large amounts of territory to Germany

War Communism:

Rule at the point of gun while a Russian Civil War was raging

New Economic Policy:

Leninist policy that allowed limited private enterprise under Communism

Politburo:

Political Bureau or Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party

Josef Stalin:

Soviet dictator who replaced Lenin in 1927 after a power struggle

First Five Year Plan:

Stalin's program to collectivize agriculture and industrialize the USSR

Kulaks:

Small capitalists in the days of the New Economic Policy

NKVD:

Secret political police of the Soviet Union

Comintern:

International communist movement headed by Stalin and mainly used to further Soviet foreign policy aims

Show Trials:

Stalin's staged trials used to eliminate rivals and others deemed threats

Great Purge:

Stalin's attempts to eliminate any perceived threat to his leadership within the Communist Party; untold numbers died or disappeared

Leon Trotsky:

Bolshevik leader, once a right-hand man to Lenin; later a victim of Stalin's paranoia, he was murdered while exiled in Mexico