Chapter 14 1-12 History Study

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The West

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1

The West

had a raw frontier and was the most American part of America

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2

Who said, “Europe stretches to the Alleghenies; America lies beyond”

Emerson

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3

half of Americans were under the age of 30 by

the late 1850’s

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4

Most pioneer families were…

poorly-fed, ill-clad, housed in hastily erected shanties

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5

Pioneer families were victims of…

disease, depression, and premature death

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6

Who lived in a three-sided lean-to made of brush and sticks for a year?

Abraham Lincoln

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7

Pioneer women cut off…

human contact

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8

Popular entertainment for pioneer men…

No-holds-barred wrestling that permitted biting off noses and gouging out eyes

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9

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s popular lecture essay

“Self-Reliance”

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10

James Fenimore Cooper'‘s nickname

Naty Bumppo

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11

Herman Melville’s nickname

Captain Ahab

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12

Pioneers hurried to what lands and then moved on

tobacco lands

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13

What was in the Kentuck bottomlands?

cane as high a fifteen feet called “Kentucky bluegrass”

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14

Fur-trappers were setting their traps all over…

the Rocky Mountain Region

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15

The fur-trapping system was based on…

“rendezvous” system

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16

Traders camped and waited for…

trappers and Indians to swap for goods from the East like beaver pelts

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17

Some historians have called this aggressive and often heedless exploitation of the West’s natural bounty…

“ecological imperialism.’’

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18

George Catlin

a painter and student of Native American life who was among the first Americans to advocate the preservation of nature as a deliberate national policy.

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19

In 1832, George Catlin observed…

Sioux Indians in South Dakota recklessly slaughtering buffalo in order to trade the animals’ tongues for the white man’s whiskey.

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20

George Catlin proposed the idea of a…

national park

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21

By midcentury the population was still…

doubling approximately every twenty-five years

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22

By 1860 the original thirteen states

had more than doubled in number

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23

The United States was the fourth most populous nation in the western world, exceeded only by three…

European countries—Russia, France, and Austria.

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24

In 1790 there had been only two American cities that could boast populations of twenty thousand or more souls…

Philadelphia and New York.

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25

New York was the…

metropolis

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26

New Orleans was the…

“Queen of the South’’

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27

Chicago was the…

“hog butcher for the world.”

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28

Before 1840 immigrants had been flowing in at a rate of…

sixty thousand a year

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29

The influx immigrants _____ in 1840

tripled

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30

The influx of immigrants ______ in 1850

quadrupled

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31

Europeans mostly immigrated to America because…

Europe was running out of room

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32

How many Europeans immigrated somewhere else than America?

25 million Europeans

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33

Migrants called America…

“land of freedom and opportunity”

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34

1840, in Ireland, what swept the Irish away?

A potato rot

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35

How many Irish died because of the potato rot?

2 million

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36

Boston and particularly New York, which rapidly became…

the largest Irish city in the world

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37

What did they call Bridget’s and what were they forced to do?

“Biddies” took jobs as kitchen maids

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38

What did they call Patricks and what were they forced to do?

“Paddies’’ were pushed into pick-and-shovel drudgery on canals and railroads

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39

NINA meant…

“No Irish Need Apply”

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40

Irish resented…

African Americans

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41

a shadowy Irish miners’ union that rocked the Pennsylvania coal districts in the 1860s and 1870s…

“Molly Maguires,’’

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42

What did the Irish drive that had once crated their brawling forebearers to jail?

“Paddy wagons”

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43

Two millions Irish arrived between…

1830 and 1860

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44

Politicians often found it politically profitable to fire verbal volleys at London—a process vulgarly known as…

“twisting the British lion’s tail.’’

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45

Why did Germans come to America?

The bulk of them were uprooted farm-ers, displaced by crop failures and other hardships. But a strong sprinkling were liberal political refugees

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46

Carl Schurz

a relentless foe of slavery and public corruption, contributed richly to the elevation of American political life.

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47

Unlike the Irish, many of the Germanic new-comers…

possessed a modest amount of material goods

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48

Germans were pushed out into…

the Middle West aka Wisconsin

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49

The Conestoga wagon, the Kentucky rifle, and the Christmas tree were all…

German contributions to American culture.

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50

Germans were often dubbed as…

“damned Dutchmen”

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51

Newcomes took jobs from…

American “natives”

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52

Roman Catholics created public schools to…

protect their children from Protestant indoctrination

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53

In 1840 Catholics had ranked fifth, behind the…

Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians, and Congregationalists.

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54

the Order of the Star-Spangled Banner, which developed into…

the formidable American, or “Know-Nothing,’’ party—a name derived from its secretiveness

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55

Maria Monk’s ___________ sold over 300,000 copies.

“Awful Disclosures”

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56

A group of gifted British inventors, beginning about 1750, perfected a series of machines for the mass production of textiles in a time frame called the…

Industrial Revolution

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57

Samuel Slater has been acclaimed as the…

“Father of the Factory System”

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58

Samuel Slater

After memorizing the plans for the machinery, he escaped in disguise to America, and in 1791 put into operation the machinery for spinning cotton thread.

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59

Eli Whitney

he created the cotton gin in 1793

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60

New England was favored as a…

industrial center

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61

John Randolph

he exchanged the trident for the distaff

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62

“Buy American’’ and “Wear American’’ became…

popular slogans

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63

manufacturing boomlet broke abruptly with the…

peace of Ghent in 1815

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64

Congress provided some relief when it passed the mildly protective…

Tariff of 1816

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65

Eli Whitney also turned to…

the mass production of muskets for the U.S. Army.

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66

Eli Whitney seized the idea of…

interchangeable parts

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67

Elias Howe

he created the sewing machine

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68

Isaac Singer

he perfected the sewing machine

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69

Laws of “free incorporation,’’ first passed in New York in 1848 meant that…

businessmen could create corporations without applying for individual charters from the legislature.

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70

Samuel F.B. Morse

a portrait painter who created the telegraph

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71

Workers were forbidden by law to…

form labor unions to raise wages

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72

Many children workers were…

mentally blighted, emotionally starved, physically stunted, and even brutally whipped in special “whipping rooms.’’

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73

the employer could resort to such tactics as the importing of strikebreakers—often derisively called…

“scabs’’ or “rats,’’

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74

The supreme court of Massachusetts ruled in the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt that…

labor unions were not illegal conspiracies, provided that their methods were “honorable and peaceful.’’

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75

Factory jobs promised…

greater economic independence for women,

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76

Catherine Beecher

she urged women to join the teaching career

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77

Women’s changing roles and the spreading Industrial Revolution brought some important changes in the life of the nineteenth-century home called…

the traditional “women’s sphere.’’

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78

newly assertive role for women has been called…

“domestic feminism,’’

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79

Cincinnati was known as the…

“Porkopolis’’ of the West.

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80

John Deere

in 1837 he finally produced a steel plow that broke the virgin soil.

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81

Cyrus McCormick

he contributed the most wondrous contraption of all: a mechanical mower-reaper.

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