Ochem nomenclature

alcohol

R-OH

-prefix: hydroxy-

-suffix: -ol

alkyl halide

carbon structure attached to a halide

-prefix: bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo

thiol

R-SH

-prefix: sufanyl-

-suffix: -thiol

ether

R-O-R`

-prefix: alkoxyl-

-suffix: -ether

amines

suffix = -amine

prefix = amino-  

aldehydes

suffix = -al 

prefix = oxo-

Ketones

Substituent suffix = -one 

Substituent prefix = oxo- 

carboxylic acids

Substituent suffix = -oic acid 

Substituent prefix = carboxy-

esters

Substituent suffix = -oate

amides

Substituent suffix = -amide

add an N- to the beginning if H is missing

Acyl Halides

suffix = -oyl halide (bromide, chloride)

nitrile

Functional group suffix = nitrile or -onitrile

Substituent prefix = cyano- (remove one c from nomenclature)

Acid Anhydrides

suffix = (1)(2)(3)….-oic anhydride

Benzene

suffix: -benzene