Overview of the U.S. Government and Foundational Documents

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the structure and principles of the U.S. government, foundational historical documents, and debates surrounding the Constitution.

Popular Sovereignty

The principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives.

Limited Government

A governing body whose powers are limited by law, typically through a written constitution.

Separation of Powers

The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent any one branch from exerting too much power.

Checks and Balances

A system that ensures that political power is not concentrated in any one branch of government.

Declaration of Independence

A document written in 1776, primarily by Thomas Jefferson, declaring the colonies' independence from Britain and outlining the principles of individual rights and government.

Natural Rights

Rights inherent to all individuals that cannot be taken away, often referenced as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Articles of Confederation

The first constitution of the United States, which created a weak national government and was eventually replaced by the current Constitution.

Federalists

Supporters of the new Constitution who favored a stronger national government.

Anti-Federalists

Opponents of the Constitution who feared that a strong central government would threaten individual liberties and states' rights.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guarantee certain individual freedoms and protections against government overreach.

Preamble of the Constitution

The introduction to the Constitution that outlines its purposes and the goals of government as determined by the people.

Bicameral Legislature

A legislature with two houses, such as the U.S. Congress, which includes the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Enumerated Powers

Specific powers granted to Congress by the Constitution, including taxation, spending, regulating commerce, and declaring war.

Commander in Chief

The role of the President as the head of the military forces of the United States.

Chief Diplomat

The role of the President in managing foreign relations and treaties.