UNIT QUATRO

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Apartheid

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53 Terms

1

Apartheid

A social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites.

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2

Balkinization

Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

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3

Balkanized

Descriptive of a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other.

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4

Blockbusting

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood

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5

centrifugal force

a force that divides people and countries

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6

centripetal force

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state

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7

ethnic cleansing

Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region

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8

Ethnicity

Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions.

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9

Genocide

Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group

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10

multi-ethnic state

A state that contains more than one ethnicity

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11

multinational state

State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities.

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12

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

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13

nation-state

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality

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14

nationally

the condition of belonging to a particular nation

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15

race

A group of human beings distinguished by physical traits, blood types, genetic code patterns or genetically inherited characteristics.

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16

Racism

Belief that one race is superior to another

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17

racist

A person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism.

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18

Self-determinism

Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

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19

Sharecropper

A person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops.

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20

Shatterbelt

a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals (e.g., Israel or Kashmir today; Eastern Europe during the Cold War,...).

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21

Sovereignty

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.

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22

Triangular Slave Trade

A practice, primarily during the eighteenth century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa.

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23

Annexation

The adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit.

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24

antecedent boundary

a boundary line established before the area in question is well populated

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25

Autocracy

a system of government by one person with absolute power.

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26

Benelux

the economic union of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg

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27

Balance of Power

Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries.

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28

boundary

invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory

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29

city-state

a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.

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30

Colonialism

Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

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31

colony

A group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country elsewhere.

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32

compact state

A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly.

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33

Democracy

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

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34

Devolution

the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states

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35

Elongated State

A state with a long, narrow shape.

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36

enclave

a distinct region or community enclosed within a larger territory

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37

Exclave

a part of a country that is seperated from the rest of the country and surrounded by foreign territory.

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38

Federal State

An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government.

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39

fragmented state

A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory.

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40

frontier

A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control.

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41

Gerrymandering

Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.

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42

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

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43

Landlocked State

A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea.

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44

Microstate

A state that encompasses a very small land area.

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45

Perforated State

a state that completely surrounds another one

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46

Purported State

An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extensions.

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47

relic boundary

a former boundary line that is still discernible and marked by some cultural landscape features

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48

Sovereignty

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.

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49

subsequent boundary

a boundary line that is established after the area in question has been settled and that considers the cultural characteristics of the bounded area

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50

superimposed boundary

a boundary line placed over and ignoring an existing cultural pattern

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51

state

An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs.

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52

Terrorism

Acts of violence designed to promote a specific ideology or agenda by creating panic among an enemy population

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53

Unitary State

An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials

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