Chemistry - Compounds and Naming Conventions

Flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, and examples related to compounds and naming conventions in chemistry.

Ammonium

A positively charged polyatomic ion (NH₄) that plays a significant role in various chemical reactions.

Ammonium oxide

A binary compound formed when ammonium combines with a single oxygen atom.

Ammonium nitride

A compound formed by substituting nitrogen for oxygen in ammonium, important in materials science.

Beryllium (Be)

An alkali-earth metal typically carrying a 2+ charge due to losing two valence electrons.

Hydroxide (OH)

A negatively charged polyatomic ion often found in bases, contributing to the alkalinity of solutions.

Beryllium hydroxide

A compound formed by beryllium and hydroxide that acts as a weak base in aqueous solutions.

Strontium (Sr)

A group 2 element carrying a 2+ charge, which allows it to form effective bonds with anions.

Chlorate (ClO₃)

A polyatomic ion that occurs in various chemical and industrial processes.

Strontium chlorate (Sr(ClO₃)₂)

A compound formed by strontium and chlorate, used in fireworks and as an oxidizing agent.

Calcium acetate (Ca(C₂H₃O₂)₂)

A compound formed from calcium and acetate used in food preservation and de-icing agents.

Ionic bonds

Bonds formed by transferring electrons from one atom to another, typically between metals and non-metals.

Covalent bonds

Bonds that involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, forming molecules.

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Lewis structures

Diagrams that show the bonding between atoms and the lone pairs of electrons in a molecule.

Octet rule

The principle that atoms seek to have eight electrons in their valence shell.

Sodium acetate (Na₂C₂H₃O₂)

A compound formed by sodium and acetate, used in food preservation and as a buffer.

Nitric acid (HNO₃)

An acid derived from the polyatomic nitrate ion, important in industrial and biological systems.

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

A compound widely used in cleaning products and pH regulation.

Magnesium bromide (MgBr₂)

A compound resulting from the combination of magnesium and bromide, applying charge balancing in ionic compounds.

Diphosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅)

A covalent compound indicating two phosphorus atoms and five oxygen atoms, using prefixes to denote quantity.