HIST 150 Exam 3 - Ball State / Ed Krzemienski

Prince Henry the Navigator

Member of the Royal family, lots of money, fourth son of King Portugal, Super christian, his goal is to travel the world converting heathens (non-christians in india) to christianity, leader of exploration, in charge of finding the route to India, wears horse hair jacket.

"God and Gold"

Henry the Navigators slogan because he knows their will be money.

Mentality of exploration at this time, share the world of God while exploring and obtaining money at the same time

"Passage to India"

Looking for a route to India for spices. Quickest way to India

Vasco da Gama

finds the quickest route to India along the coast of Africa

Christopher Columbus

discovers the "New World" (West Indies). Looking for a route to India for spices

John & Sebastian Cabot

hired by England to claim land along the East Coast of the New World. Claims land from Newfoundland all the way down to North Carolina in 1448.

Scientific Revolution

People begin to find meaning in everyday life, begin to move away from the Church

Nicolas Copernicus

(1473-1543) comes up with the idea that the Sun is the center of the universe (heliocentric). Devout Christian.

Medieval Universe

scientific interpretation by the church

Hierarchal Universe

everything gets better as you move away from the Earth (towards Heaven)

Geocentric Theory

Earth is the center of the universe

Heliocentric Theory

Sun is the center of the universe

Galileo Galilei

supports the heliocentric theory, creates his own telescope, Intellect = God's gift

Isaac Newton

From England, not religious. Invents calculus, creates Newtonian Law's, universal laws

Deists/Deism

people who follow Newtonian believe that

the universe has order

that god exist

god is "the clock master," the universe is a giant clock that god created

"Science of Man"

Deists take Newton's work and begin to use it in everyday life to create perfect humanity. idea of separating god and state, all of newtons scientific discoveries applied to humanity

The Englightenment

attempt to create the science of man, study humanity. Area of discovery.

Philosophes

Started The Enlightenment, created the Encyclopedia

Tyranny

people begin to fear this, leads to constant vigilance. Fear of taking away liberty.

Liberty

the goal of society is to have as much of this as possible

Thomas Hobbes

(1588-1675) pessimist, looks down on society, human race is selfish, need an absolute ruler

John Locke

Longest lasting influence. optimist, democracy. life, liberty, property

Adam Smith

wrote Wealth of Nations

Wealth of Nations

Book written by Adam Smith, modern capitalism. Spain running out of money, england is vibrant on trade.

Seven Years War

1756-1763 1st world war, France and England go broke

French and Indian Wars

French ally with Indians against England

General James Wolfe

short, bald mole, super intelligent. Sent by England, surprise attacks French to win the war

Thomas Jefferson

supporter of John Locke, helped to write the Declaration of Independence

American Revolution

american war for independence

won because america is broke, doesn't want to get in another war with france, tyranny = tax

April 19th, 1775

shot heard round the world, beginning of revolutionary war

First Estate

clergy, high ranking officials, NO TAX, nobility, owns property

Second Estate

Nobilty, not taxed

"Free Gift"

optional donation to the government instead of taxes

Nobles of the Sword

trace roots back as part of the aristocracy

Nobles of the Robe

purchased their spot in the aristocracy

Third Estate

makes up most of the population, 3 groups

Bourgeoisie

middle class, have wealth but no title, aware of unfair taxes, ideas of John Locke, Landless

Urban Laborers

storm the Bastille, work in factories, landless, financially disadvantaged

Peasants

21 million of the population, farmers, taxed the most, unorganized

Estates General

May 1789, meeting with representatives from each estate, made it impossible for the 1st and 2nd estate to be taxed

Tennis Court Oath

June 20th, 1789, National Assembly meets but is locked out. Decide that they will meet no matter what

Lous XVI

put to death, leaves it all in the hands of God, publicly forgives his enemies, regicide begins, war follows

Bastille

July 1789, Urban Laborers show their support of the national assembly by storming in and releasing prisoners

The Great Fear

August 1789, peasants burn their contracts to the land

Declaration of the Rights of Man

passed by National Assembly, gives equal rights to all humans, liberty, equality, and fraternity

Sans-cullotes

Urban Laborers who believe that the revolution needed to continue, Bourgeoisie's new enemy, "birth over wealth" but now... wealth over work

La Patrie

fight for your country no matter what. no matter where you are from you're french, one for all becomes modern nationalism

Napoleon Bonaparte

unites all of France, takes over international fight

Congress of Vienna

1814-1815 All European leasers come together to discuss how to rebuild Europe

Klemens Von Metternich

Leader of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, main person at meeting, against Nationalism and Liberalism

Robert Stewart

English, realist, wise

England, lord, against liberalism.

Realist "fair to france"

-need agriculture, business and military

Tsar Alexander I

Russian, Christian, "backwards society". Russia, unprotected nation. he is stuck in the middle ages,

*says need christian authority

Concert of Europe

"Quadruple Alliance". four most important nations try to main peace in western europe

"Quadruple Alliance"

England, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Russia, Prussia

The Long Century

19th century, 1789-1917 (independence movements & revolutions)

Liberalism

ideas from american revolution, power from aristocracy& giving it to people who earned it

Western Europe Industrialization

Wealthier, competition, rise in population, healthy, cultural history

British Industrialization

Coal, Money, Rivers, headquarters for Industrial Revolution

Factory System

factories located next to rivers, create Iron more easily, helped to develop Industrial Revolution

James Watt

created the Steam Engine in 1760

Coal Mining

no longer needed because of the Steam Engine

Steam Engine

railroads! (trains) coal mining becomes safer

Iron Industry

since trains increase, you have an increase of metal

Child Labor

cheap work, replace men

"Holy Monday"

workers to hungover/still drunk from weekend at work on Monday. people got so drunk sunday night that they couldn't go to work monday

Greek Independence

1821, lived under Ottoman Empire (Muslim empire) (turkey); W. Europe accepts this independence movement because they feel Greece was the leader of this all in the beginning

Italian Unification

been feared for a long time, region of Italy that was divided by Pope's Papel States; unification process centers in Rome

King Emmanuel I

1861, in charge of unification

German Confederation

separated into regions, comes together by 9 nations because of war, Prussia leads German speaking people

Battle of Jena

Prussia lost to France (devastating loss), Prussia becomes stronger military-wise because of loss

Junkers

aristocrats of Prussia (leaders), never challenged for authority, wants to unite all German speaking regions under one-rule

Prussia

single ruling part of German speaking Russians

Otto Von Bismark

"Iron Chancellor", (1815-1898), Chancellor of Prussia, gets German regions to come together (by external wars)

Iron Chancellor

Nickname for Otto Von Bismarck

Denmark-Prussian War

1864, Prussia wanted Denmark's land, 1st external war, takes Schleswig and Holstein; unites german speaking regions

Austro-Prussian War

1866, Bismarck launches war; Austria was known for having a good army; war last 7 weeks (absolute slater); creates N. German confederation (all regions in this area are loyal to Prussia & of protestant religion)

Napoleon III

leader of France, sends telegram to Bismarck to be diplomatic; Bismarck rewrites the telegram to sound bad & starts war with France

Franco-Prussian War

1870, unites North and South Germans together

Versailles (Paris)

Jan. 18th, 1871

Germany signed their papers to become a country