unit 1 ap psych

2 types of NS

peripheral NS and central NS

peripheral NS

nerves throughout your body

central NS

brain and spinal cord nerves

somatic NS

skeletal muscle movements (under CNS)

autonomic NS

automatic bodily functions (under CNS)

sympathetic NS

fight or flight response (under autonomic NS)

parasympathetic NS

rest and digest (under autonomic NS)

soma

protects nucleus

dendrites

detects/receives msgs & passes on to axon

axon

electrical impulse/action potential passes through here

myelin sheath

fatty substance encasing axon for protection & increased transmission speed

axon terminal buttons

synaptic gap between these buttons

schawnn cell

forms the myelin sheath

glilal cell

supports/protects neurons

sensory (afferent) neurons

send signals TO brain/spinal cord

motor (efferent) neurons

takes info from brain/spinal cord BACK to rest of body

action potential

msg being sent down axon through electrical impulse

resting potential

more (-) ions inside and (+) ions outside

depolarization

outside stimulus opens ion channels, increasing (+) charge inside for action potential

repolarization

movement of (+) ions outside membrane to go back to resting state

hyperpolarization

more (-) inside = moved further from action potential threshold

threshold

min. intensity of stimulus needed to trigger action potential

refractory period

short time when no other action potentials occur until axon is in resting state

all-or-nothing

neuron fires w/ same intensity no matter what

reuptake

sending neuron reabsorbs extra neurotransmitters not used from receptors

ach

muscle action, learning, memory

dopamine

learning, attention, emotion

endorphins

pain reduction & reward

epinephrine/adrenaline

fight-or-flight response opening airways

norepinephrine/noradrenline

fight-or-flight response increasing alertness/arousal

serotonin

hunger, sleep, arousal, mood, dreams

glutamate

excitatory msgs, long term memory, learning, most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter

GABA

sleep, movement, slows NS, most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter

2 types of agonists

direct and indirect

agonists

binds to receptors to mimic or enhance effects of neurotransmitters

direct agonists

mimics neurotransmitters

indirect agonists

blocks reuptake of neurotransmitters

antagonists

blocks neurotransmitters from binding/being released from terminal

excitatory neurotransmitter

depolarizes post synaptic neurons = increased likely action potential

inhibitory neurotransmitter

hyperpolarization = decreases likelihood that a neuron will fire action potential

brain stem structures

medulla, pons, reticular formation, cerebellum

medulla