Chapters 1-2 Chem 171 EWU

10^12

Tera (T)

10^9

Giga (G)

10^6

Mega (M)

10³

Kilo (k)

10^-1

Deci (d)

10^-2

Centi (c)

10^-3

milli (m)

10^-6

micro (μ)

10^-9

nano (n)

10^-12

pico (p)

10^-15

femto (f)

10^-18

atto (a)

273.15

Kelvin is C + ____

0K

Absolute Zero

1×10^-10m

1 Angstrom

10³cm³

1 Liter in length

Exact Numbers

No uncertainty, infinite amount of SF

Significant

Zeroes between zeroes are

Decimal Places

If we are adding or subtracting, we need to look at the least number of ____

s.f

If we are multiplying or dividing, we need to look at the least amount of ___

118

How many elements are there?

Protons

Positively Charged particles, in nucleus

Neutrons

Neutrally charged particles, in nucleus

Electrons

Negatively Charged particles (in valence shells)

Protons and Electrons

All elements have _____

Size

Electrons are responsible for the ____ of the atom, not the mass

Atomic Number

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Atomic mass

The weighted average mass of an atom of an element, measured in atomic mass units (amu).

Neutral

Atoms by default, are usually ____

electrons

____ Determine chemical reactivity

Mass #

The total number of protons AND neutrons

Sodium

Na

Pottasium

K

Iron

Fe

Copper

Cu

Silver

Ag

Gold

Au

Mercury

Hg

Tin

Sn

Lead

Pb

Antemony

Sb

Tungsten

W

Metals

Workable, Good conductors, typically for cations in a solution

non metals

typically for anions in a solution

bad conductors

not really workable

Diatomic

A ____ atom is 2 atoms, usually never found alone, highly reactive. H2, O2, N2

Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer

H2, N2, F2, O2, I2, Cl2, Br2

molecules

combination of 2 or more non-metals, or metalloids. H2O, CO2, NH3

molecular formula

Indicate number and type of each element H2O, H2O2

Imperial formula

Represent the lowest whole number ration of element H2O → 2:1

Structured formula

Shows how the atoms are connected and the bonds

Ion

If electrons are added or removed, an ____ is formed.

Cation

If electrons are lost, particle has a charge now, is is now a ____. (Positive charged)

Anion

If electrons are gained, the particle is now charged, an ____ is formed. (Negatively charged)

lost

⁷Li⁺ Means an electron was ____

mass number

¹²C the 12 represents the ____

Roman Numerals

For Cations with 2 or more common charges the charge magnitude can be represented by _____

Iron(III) ion

Write Fe³⁺ with roman numerals

ic ous

for SINGLE cations that can have more than one charge (in pairs), the endings are: _____ for higher charge, ______ for lower charge

monatomic cations

These ions take the name of the element + “ion” at the end, thats it

Monatomic anions

For these ions we change ending to -ide

ate, ite

For polyatomic anion atoms with oxygen, we use ___ for more oxygen, and ___ for less oxygen. (Oxyanions)

ate

Ending used for polyatomic anions with more oxygen

ite

Ending used for polyatomic anions with less oxygen, always one less oxygen than the other, if you know the other, you know this one.

Anions

____ Are formed by adding H⁺ ions

Acid

When H⁺ gets added to an anion to the point where it has no more charge, a ____ is made.

hydro - ic

Anions ending in “ide” form a ___ acid

form - ic

“ate” anions form ___ acids

-ous

“ite” anions form ___ acids

Cation

In Cation/Anion combinations, we always name the ____ first

Combine

If an anion and a cation have the same amount of opposite charges, we ___ them. Na⁺ + Br^- → NaBr