Marple Propaganda and Rhetoric Test

Slogans

easily remembered than complicated; type of propaganda

repetition

repeated slogan loudly and long; type of propaganda

Powerful images

imagies with powerful emotional associations; type of propaganda

loaded words

words loaded with feelings/strong emotional responses; type of propaganda

Appeal to Fears

propaganda that plays on listeners fears; ex) if you don’t do something then something you fear will happen

Appeals to our basic needs and desires

ex) I will make you safer- presidential candidates; appeal to opposite sex with perfume, etc; type of propaganda

card-stacking

emphasizing one side and repressing the other; type of propaganda

bandwagon

everyone does it, so should you;type of propaganda

transfer device

using symbol, idea, person that people already respect and admire; ex) taylor swift endorsing coca cola; type of propaganda

Plain folk

convincing others that they are like everyone else; ex) politician claiming they are just like you; type of propaganda

emotional fallacies

type of rhetoric fallacy that manipulates the recipient’s emotions to win an argument

red herring

something that misleads/distracts from the important issue, it can lead readers to a false conclusion; type of emotional fallacy

slippery slope

arguments that suggest one thing will lead to another; a—>b—> z so to prevent z from happening you need a or not need a; type of emotional fallacy

either/or choice (false dilemma, false duality)

condensing the choices to one or the other when in reality there are multiple choice; type of emotional fallacy

False need

arguments that create an unnecessary desire for things; type of emotional fallacy

gaslighting

psychological abuse/manipulation that causes a vicitim to question their own reality, memory, and perceptions. Goal is to gain power and control over the victim by making them doubt themselves and distorting reality; type of emotional fallacy

guilt tripping

emotional manipulation that involves making someone feel guilty or responsible in order to control them; type of emotional fallacy

ethical fallacies

fallacies that take away the credibility of the speaker/writer; type of rhetorical fallacy

ad hominem

arguments that attack the person’s character rather than the person’s reasoning; type of ethical fallacy

false authority

asks audience to agree with a persons authority/institution who may not be fully qualified to offer that assertion; type of ethical fallacy

guilty by association

calls someone’s character into question by examining the character of that person’s associates; type of ethical fallacy

moral/false equivalence

compares minor problems with much more serious crimes (vice versa); type of ethical fallacy

logical fallacy

fallacy because it sounds impressive but there is no evidence to it; type of rhetoric fallacy

hasty generalization

conclusions based on insufficient/biased evidence, reaching conclusions before having all the relevant facts; type of logical fallacy

faulty causality (post hoc, ergo propter hoc)

arguments that confuse chronology with causation, a then be so that must mean a caused b; ex) I drank water and now I’m sick so that means the water made me sick; type of logical fallacy

straw man

exaggerating/extremely distorting what someone said (basically putting words in peoples mouth to make the argument easier to refute); type of logical fallacy

cherry picking

choosing specific facts to support conclusion while ignoring significant evidence; type of logical fallacy