Biases from Not Enough Meaning

Framing Effect

The tendency for people's choices to be affected by how information is presented or "framed" (e.g., presenting statistics as "80% fat-free" versus "20% fat").

Ambiguity Effect

The tendency to avoid options for which missing information makes the probability seem unknown, favoring options where the probabilities are known.

Negativity Bias

The tendency for negative events, information, or stimuli to have a greater impact on our psychological state and processes than positive ones.

Hindsight Bias

The tendency to perceive events that have already occurred as having been more predictable than they actually were before they happened ("I knew it all along").