morgan
who showed that genes are located on chromosomes
griffith
who worked with pneumonia in mice, two strains, and transformation
avery
who isolated macromolecules to find out that DNA is the transforming agent
hershey and chase
who worked with bacteriophages
chargaff
who found out that there are equal parts a and t, equal parts g and c
watson and crick, franklin
who found that dna is a double helix shape
DNA proteins
chromosomes are made of ____ and ________
live
R strain + mice =
dead
S strain + mice =
live
heat + S strain + mice =
dead
heat + S strain + R strain + mice =
CHON S
proteins are ____ and sometimes _
PONCH
nucleic acids are ____
polymer nucleotides
DNA is a _______ (repeated subunits) of __________
cytosine uracil thymine single
pyrimadines are _________, _________, and _________, and they are _______ ringed
adenine guanine double
purines are _________ and ________ and they are _________ ringed
sugar phosphate nitrogenous bases
DNA - double helix, laddar - sides of the ladder are the _____ and _________ backbone and the rungs of the ladder are the ___________ _____
origins of replication
the sites where DNA replication begins
bubble
at each replication origin a replication “________” forms, and dna replication occurs in these away from the replication origin
DNA polymerase III
enzymes that speed up the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by adding nucleotides to the strand
5 3
DNA replication only occurs in the _’ to _’ direction
bottom F1 N15 N14 middle top middle N14 N15
semi conservative model that’s on the back of our rg: P generation, N15, the DNA is in the ______ of the test tube. then, as it replicates the __ generation is half ___ and half ___. it’s in the ______ of the test tube. then, in the F2 generation, 2 strands are in the ___ of the test tube and two are in the ______ still. the graph shows us that it will be mainly ___, but never entirely because the ___ from the parent generation will still be there.
DNA helicase
step one of DNA replication: ___ _________ unwinds DNA and breaks h bonds
single stranded binding proteins
step two of DNA replication: what stabalizes DNA
RNA primase RNA primer
step three of DNA replication: ___ ________ adds what?
deoxynucleoside triphosphates
step four of DNA replication: DNA Polymerase III adds what
anti parallel
DNA runs
replicated continuously discontinuously okazaki fragments
the leading strand is ________ ___________while the lagging strand is replicated ___________ into _______ ___________
dna polymerase I
what removes RNA Primer