ch 16

morgan

who showed that genes are located on chromosomes

griffith

who worked with pneumonia in mice, two strains, and transformation

avery

who isolated macromolecules to find out that DNA is the transforming agent

hershey and chase

who worked with bacteriophages

chargaff

who found out that there are equal parts a and t, equal parts g and c

watson and crick, franklin

who found that dna is a double helix shape

DNA proteins

chromosomes are made of ____ and ________

live

R strain + mice =

dead

S strain + mice =

live

heat + S strain + mice =

dead

heat + S strain + R strain + mice =

CHON S

proteins are ____ and sometimes _

PONCH

nucleic acids are ____

polymer nucleotides

DNA is a _______ (repeated subunits) of __________

cytosine uracil thymine single

pyrimadines are _________, _________, and _________, and they are _______ ringed

adenine guanine double

purines are _________ and ________ and they are _________ ringed

sugar phosphate nitrogenous bases

DNA - double helix, laddar - sides of the ladder are the _____ and _________ backbone and the rungs of the ladder are the ___________ _____

origins of replication

the sites where DNA replication begins

bubble

at each replication origin a replication “________” forms, and dna replication occurs in these away from the replication origin

DNA polymerase III

enzymes that speed up the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by adding nucleotides to the strand

5 3

DNA replication only occurs in the _’ to _’ direction

bottom F1 N15 N14 middle top middle N14 N15

semi conservative model that’s on the back of our rg: P generation, N15, the DNA is in the ______ of the test tube. then, as it replicates the __ generation is half ___ and half ___. it’s in the ______ of the test tube. then, in the F2 generation, 2 strands are in the ___ of the test tube and two are in the ______ still. the graph shows us that it will be mainly ___, but never entirely because the ___ from the parent generation will still be there.

DNA helicase

step one of DNA replication: ___ _________ unwinds DNA and breaks h bonds

single stranded binding proteins

step two of DNA replication: what stabalizes DNA

RNA primase RNA primer

step three of DNA replication: ___ ________ adds what?

deoxynucleoside triphosphates

step four of DNA replication: DNA Polymerase III adds what

anti parallel

DNA runs

replicated continuously discontinuously okazaki fragments

the leading strand is ________ ___________while the lagging strand is replicated ___________ into _______ ___________

dna polymerase I

what removes RNA Primer