Cranial and Peripheral Nerves

what does the sensory part of the PNS do

send input back to the CNS

what does the motor part of the PNS do

sends output from CNS to effectors

what does the somatic nervous system control

voluntary muscle movement

what does the autonomic nervous system control

involuntary actions

what are afferent neurons

sensory

what are efferent neurons

motor

function of interneurons

shuttle messages between afferent and efferent

what prevents the accidental conduction of AP's between neurons

neuriums

what type of neurons are in a dorsal root

sensory

what type of neurons are in a ventral root

motor

what type of matter is on the outside of the spinal cord

white

what is the junction of the roots called

spinal nerve

what is the dorsal root ganglion

bundle of sensory fibres along the dorsal root

what type of neurons exist in a spinal nerve

sensory and motor

what is a ramus

a division of a nerve

what type of neurons are in the dorsal ramus

sensory and motor

what type of neurons are in the ventral ramus

sensory and motor

what does the dorsal ramus innervate

the body posterior to the spinal cord

what does the ventral ramus innervate

the body anterior to the spinal cord

what connects the spinal cord to the sympathetic nervous system

white and grey rami communicans

why does the sympathetic nervous system connect directly to the spinal cord

so that it can bypass the brain to react rapidly

what is the term for an SNS action which bypasses the brain

a spinal reflex

what is an example of a spinal reflex

the knee jerk reaction

what is a nerve plexus

where nerves branch and intersect to form a network

what is the advantage of having a plexus

so that tissues are innervated by multiple spinal nerves - this can be more efficient

what happens to an action if nerve supply for all its muscles is lost

the action is lost

what happens to an action if nerve supply for all its some of muscles is lost

the action is weakened or impacted

what is the basic structure of a reflex arc

receptor, sensory neuron, central control/interneuron, motor neuron, effector

what is the knee jerk reflex arc

receptor (quadriceps stretch receptor), sensory neuron, central control (spinal synapse), motor neuron, effector (quadriceps contraction)

during the knee jerk reaction, the knee extensors contract but what happens to the knee flexors

their input is silenced or inhibited

cranial nerve mneumonic

olive oil often treats testicles after frisky virgin girl gives very aggressive handjobs

olive

olfactory

oil

optical

often

oculomotor

treats

trochlear

testiscles

trigeminal

after

abducens

frisky

facial

virgin

vestibulocochlear

gives

glossopharyngeal

very

vagus

aggressive

accessory

handjobs

hypoglossal

sensory or motor mneumonic

some say marry money, but my brother says big brains matter most

Is the olfactory nerve sensory, motor, or both?

sensory

Is the optic nerve sensory, motor, or both?

sensory

Is the oculomotor nerve sensory, motor, or both?

motor

Is the trochlear nerve sensory, motor, or both?

motor

Is the trigeminal nerve sensory, motor, or both?

both

Is the abducens nerve sensory, motor, or both?

motor

Is the facial nerve sensory, motor, or both?

both

Is the vestibulotrochlear nerve sensory, motor, or both

sensory

Is the glosspharyngeal nerve sensory, motor, or both?

both

Is the vagus nerve sensory, motor, or both?

both

Is the accessory nerve sensory, motor, or both?

motor

Is the hypoglossal nerve sensory, motor, or both?

motor

olfactory nerve controls

sense of smell

olfactory nerve supplies

nose

to test olfactory nerve

can you smell

optic nerve controls

sense of vision

optic nerve supplies

eyes

optic nerve test

can you see

oculomotor nerve controls

eye muscles (superior, medial and inferior rectus & inferior oblique)

oculomotor nerve supplies

eye muscles

oculomotor nerve test

H test, looking up and down

trochlear nerve controls

eye movement

trochlear nerve supplies

superior oblique

trochlear nerve test

H test

trigeminal nerve controls

sensation to face and inside of cheeks/tongue, movement to muscles of mastication

trigeminal nerve supplies

facial skin, tongue, mastication muscles

trigeminal nerve test

touch to face and mouth, can you chew

abducens nerve controls

eye movement

abducens nerve supplies

lateral rectus

abducens nerve test

H test, looking outward

facial nerve controls

face movement, taste to front of tongue

facial nerve supplies

muscles under facial skin, front of tongue

facial nerve test

can you make facial expressions, can you taste with tongue

vestibulocochlear nerve controls

hearing and balance

vestibulocochlear nerve supplies

tissues of hearing and balance

vestibulocochlear nerve test

hearing and balance tests

glossopharyngeal nerve controls

sensation from the throat to back of tongue, movement of some throat muscles

glossopharyngeal nerve supplies

pharynx/throat, tongue

glossophayrngeal nerve test

can you swallow, can you taste on back of the throat

vagus nerve controls

parasympathetic nervous system and speech

vagus nerve supplies

heart, GI tract, lungs, throat, voicebox

vagus nerve test

gag reflex, speech issues

accessory nerve controls & supplies

movement of the sternocleiomastoid and trapezius

accessory nerve test

shrugging shoulders

hypoglossal nerve controls

tongue movement

hypoglossal nerve supplies

intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue

hypoglossal nerve test

can you stick tongue out and does it deviate to one side

what are the three divisions of the trigeminal serve

ophthalmic, mandibular, maxillary

ophthalmic nerve supplies

sensation from the bottom of the eyes to the top of the forehead

mandibular nerve supplies

below the top lip and around the outer of the face, lower cheek, lower teeth, muscles of mastication

maxillary nerve supplies

the upper of mouth, teeth, palate & skin from top lip to the bottom of the eyes

temporalis muscle location

from the jaw to the temple

temporalis muscle function

closes mouth

massester muscle location

from the corner of the jaw to cheekbone

massester muscle function

closes mouth

medial pterygoid muscle location

from the corner of the jaw to upper jaw