AP Human Geo - Unit 3

Vocab

Culture

Learned collective human behavior

Culture hearth

The area in which a unique culture or a specific trait develops

diffuse

Spread

Relativism

the principle that an individual human’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture.

Ethnocentrism

the belief in the superiority of one’s nation or ethnic group.

Folk Culture

localized around an isolated group of people

Indigenous Culture

When members of an ethnic group reside in their ancestral lands, and typically possess unique cultural traits.

Popular culture

the widespread culture of large groups

Globalization

the increased integration of the world economy since the 1970s

Sequence Occupancy

successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape

Relocation Diffusion

relocation of people, leading to the spread of their cultural traits

Expansion diffusion

aspect of culture spreads outward from where it originated

Contagious diffusion

Type of expansion diffusion, when an idea or cultural trait spreads adjacently (Like a virus)

Hierarchical diffusion

the spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places

stimulus diffusion

the fundamental idea behind a cultural trait stimulates a new innovation

Colonialism

when a powerful country establishes settlements in a less powerful country for economic or political gain

Imperialism

when a country enacts policies to extend its influence over other countries through diplomacy or force

lingua franca

common language

Pidgin Languages

a simplified mixture of two languages

creolization

cultural elements blending together

Toponyms

the names of places

homogenous

the same

adherents

believers in their faith

Ethnic religions

belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers

universal religion

actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of their ethnic backgrounds

What religion does this temple belong to?

Hindu

What religion does this statue belong to?

Buddhism

What religion does this synogogue belong to?

Judaism

What religion does this mosque belong to?

Islam

What religion does this torii belong to?

Shinto

What religion does this temple belong to?

Buddhism

Hinduism

Ethnic, polytheistic, Hearth: Indus River Valley, worship in temples and shrines, rivers are sacred

Buddhism

Universalizing, non-theistic, Hearth: Between India and China, worship in stupas and at statues, emphasize harmony.

Sikhism

Universalizing, monotheistic, Hearth: India, worship in Gurdwara

Judaism

Ethnic, monotheistic, Hearth: Jerusalem, worship in synogogues, messiah hasn’t come yet

Islam

Universalizing, monotheistic, hearth: Mecca, worship in mosques, Jesus was a prophet not messiah

Shinto

Ethnic, polytheistic, Hearth: Japan, worship in shrines, honor your ancestors

Christianity

Universalizing, monotheistic, hearth: Jerusalem, worship in churches

Acculturation

Group moves and adopts some traits while still maintaining main elements of their own culture

Assimilation

Ethnic group no longer distinguishable

Syncretism

Blending of cultural traits

Glocalization

Form of syncretism, products adapt to local culture (stimulus diffusion)

Nativism

Anti-immigrant

Agglomeration

Clustering of businesses for economic advantages.

Infilling

Developing existing land instead of expanding outwards

Greenbelt

Undeveloped land surrounding urban area to control urban sprawl

Brownfield

Urban abandoned land due to contamination

Berlin Conference

European powers splitting up Africa

Swahalili

Language/ place on coastal Africa, combination of many trading languages

Cultural convergance

Cultures become more similar because of increased interaction

Creolization

Cultures blend to form a new hybrid culture

Appropriation

When large cultures adopt the traits of smaller cultures, often incorrectly leading to misrepresentation