psych 230 exam 2 history of biopsychology

Alcmaeon of Croton

First to promote that brain is the seat of mind

Hippocrates

First to believe diseases had a natural cause

Plato

Was against science; came up with tripartite soul (head = immortal, heart = superior mortal, liver/gut = inferior mortal)

Aristotle

Brain was a radiator 

Herophilos

Distinguished cerebrum from cerebellum; all nerves come from brain

Erasistratus

Believed in “pneuma” moving through brain

Galen

Also believed “pneuma” theory; Humoral theory – black bile, yellow bile, blood, and phlegm

Descartes

Cartesian Dualism: Body physical, mind non-physical

Robert Hook

invented microscope, coined term ‘cell’

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

improved microscope and described nerve fibers

Luigi Galvani

“animal electricity” - Galvanism

Alessandro Volta

argued Galvani’s findings were just the wires

Frederick von Humboldt

determined both correct

J.Z. Young

giant squid axon

Hodgkin and Huxley

Action Potential propagation equation

Albrecht von Haller

white matter vs. gray matter

Franz Joseph Gall

Phrenology - Shape and size of head correlates with mental capacities

Pierre Flourens

argued against Gall - Brain acts as single unit

Jean Baptiste Bouillaud

Repeated Gall’s experiments and found brain does not act as single unit

Pierra Paul Broca

Broca’s Area – language production and comprehension

Wernicke

language comprehension