(PART I) THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM-MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS, HORMONES & THEIR FUNCTIONS.pptx

Diabetes

A medical condition characterized by high blood sugar levels.

Hippocrates

An ancient Greek physician known as the "Father of Medicine" who was the first to diagnose diabetes mellitus.

Endocrine system

A system of glands that produce and secrete hormones to regulate various bodily functions.

Exocrine gland

A type of glandular system where secretions go through a duct before reaching their target organs.

Endocrine gland

A type of glandular system where secretions go directly into the bloodstream.

Hormones

Chemical messengers with specialized functions in regulating the activities of specific cells or organs.

Hormonal stimuli

Activation of endocrine glands by other hormones.

Humoral stimuli

Changing blood levels of certain ions that stimulate hormone release.

Neural stimuli

Nerve impulses that stimulate hormone release.

Second messenger system

A system in the body that uses chemical messages (hormones) released into the blood.

Major processes controlled by hormones

Reproduction, growth and development, mobilization of body defenses, maintenance of homeostasis, regulation of metabolism, emotions and mood, and blood pressure.

Hypothalamus

A part of the brain that controls various processes in the body, including mood, hunger, thirst, sleep patterns, and sexual function.

Pituitary gland

A gland responsible for many different functions, including growth hormone production.

Thyroid

A butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that produces thyroid hormone, responsible for metabolism.

Parathyroid

Glands that produce parathyroid hormone, which controls the level of calcium in the body.

Thymus gland

A lymphoid organ that produces T cells for the immune system.

Adrenal gland

Glands that control metabolism, blood pressure, sexual development, and response to stress.

Pineal gland

A gland that manages the sleep cycle by releasing melatonin.

Pancreas

A gland that produces insulin to decrease blood sugar levels and glucagon to increase blood sugar levels.

Ovaries

Female reproductive organs that release sex hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.

Testes

Male reproductive organs that produce sperm and release testosterone.

Prolactin

A hormone that stimulates milk production.

Estrogen

A hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle, maintains pregnancy, and develops female sex characteristics.