Life sciences

The meristem occurs in which parts of the plant?

in the tips of roots and stems

A deficiency of… causes the thyroid gland to swell and form a goiter

iodine

if a person wants to increase his/hers sodium intake through his/diet, they can eat more…

Salt, meat and milk

Is this true or false, not all tumors are harmful

true

Proteins consist of

amino acids

cuticle

waxy layer that prevents water loss from plants

Guard cells

Bean-shaped cells that surround the stomata in the leaf’s epidermis

mammogram

an x-ray picture of a persons breasts that is used to detect signs of cancer

rickets

a dishes that arises as a result of deficiency of vitamin d

Carbohydrates

organic compounds consisting of C, H, and O

nucleic acids

are nitrogenous compounds found in all cells

structure of nucleic acids

contain elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus.

they are made up of building blocks called nucleotides

RNA is found in:

the nucleolus, cell cytoplasm and on the ribosomes

DNA is found in:

the nucleus

RNA plays the role in

building the required proteins from the amino acids

Vitamins contain the elements

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur in some cases

lack of vitamin A

poor vision and night blindness

lack of vitamin B1

Beri-Beri (nervous disorder accompanied by stunted growth and blood circulation )

lack of vitamin B2

metabolic disorders, stunted growth, sores in mouth, eye damage

lack of vitamin B12

Pernicious anaemia and nervous disorders

lack of vitamin C

scurvy, gum bleeds and nose bleeds

where it is found: vitamin E

plant oils, wheat germ, wheat bran, nuts, seeds, dark leafy green vegetables

where it is found: vitamin D

milk, butter, eggs, fish, liver , sunshine on the skin

where it is found: vitamin C

oranges, lemons, grapefruit, green vegetables and potato

where it is found: vitamin B12

meat, eggs, liver and dairy products

where it is found: vitamin B2

liver, eggs, milk, yeast

where it is found: vitamin B1

whole grains of cereal, wheat germ, nuts, seeds of legumes, yeast

where it is found: vitamin A

fish oils, liver, leafy vegetables, yellow/orange fruits

Stomata

small openings in the pants epidermis

phloem

transports food from the leaves to other parts of the plant

A macro element

Calcium and Potassium

DNA

store hereditary information

Identify the parts labelled as A and H

A - cell wall H- vacuole

state which cell is an animal cell

2- animal cell

Which letter is responsible for the production of food by photosynthesis

B- chloroplast

which cell is the plant cell

cell 1

give the letter of the part responsible for the control of the cell’s activity

E- nucleus

Name the Tissue A (found in plants)

Parenchyma

Name the Tissue B (found in plants)

Collenchyma

Name the Tissue C (found in plants)

Sclerenchyma

Mitosis

The division of the nucleus

identify A

Chromosome

identify b

spindle fibre

identify c

centromere

what is the name of the imaginary line on which the chromosomes form in this phase

equator

what is the name of the phase that follows this phase

Anaphase

what phase is this

metaphase

what happens during the Anaphase

the spindle fibres contract and pull the chromatids to opposite ends of the cell, called the poles

what happens during the metaphase

The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, called the equator. Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.

what happens during the prophase

The chromosomes condense and become visible. The nuclear membrane breaks down and spindle fibres begin to form.

what happens during telophase

The chromosomes decondense and new nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes at the poles.

what happens during cytokinesis

The cytoplasm divides, resulting in two identical daughter cells.

name part 1

Substrate

name part 2

Active site

name part 3

enzyme

Name part 4

Enzyme substrate complex

name part 5

products

is this reaction catabolic or anabolic

catabolic

Catabolic

a destructive reaction

Anabolic

a building reaction

What is the function of an active site (2)

It speeds up the reaction by lowering the activation energy without changing itself

How is the Active site (2) affected by the change in ph

the part denatures and losses its specific form and function

4.2.1

Iodine solution

4.2.2

Blue black

4.2.3

Proteins

4.2.4

Translucent fatty spot

organic compounds

contain carbon and hydrogen

Carbohydrates ie. glucose, starch and cellulose

provide energy to living organisms

Monosaccharides

single sugars

How do we test for glucose

Benedict’s solutions

Disaccharides

2 single sugars join to form double sugars ie. sucrose

Lipids

(fats and oils) store energy

How do we test for lipids

ether or alcohol

unsaturated fats

mainly found in plants and liquids at room temperature

saturated fats

found in fats that come from animals and are solid at room temperature

Proteins

enzymes that keep a cell alive and made up of amino acids

Catalyst

is a substance that speeds up the rate of chemical reaction without being changed

Function of Nucleic acids

play an important role in controlling the structures and functions of the cell

RNA

Ribonucleic acid

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Water

is the most important inorganic molecule for living organisms

Minerals

ie. calcium , magnesium

Macro-elements

minerals needed in large quantities by plants and animals

micro elements

minerals needed in small quantities by plants and animals

Calcium

found in dairy products and needed for strong teeth and bones

fertilizers

plants require inorganic nutrients

cell theory

all living things consists of one or more cells

calculating magnification

total magnification= magnifying power of the eyepiece x magnifying power of the object lens

Cell measurement unit

micrometres (1000um=1mm)

Cytoplasm

a fluid like substance that fills the space inside the cell membrane

organelles

found in the cytoplasm

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, Vacuoles, Nuclei, Cell membranes

examples of organelles

Cell membranes

made of phospholipids and proteins

The process of cellular respiration takes place inside the…

Mitochondria

epidermis

covers the surface of the plant

guard cells

allow gasses to enter and exit the leaf

chlorenchyma

contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis and are found in leaves and stems but not roots

parenchyma

found below the epidermis

xylem

transports water and mineral salts (found in roots, stems and leaves of plants.)