Integumentary System

integumentary system

skin, hair, nails

The two major regions of the integument

epidermis and dermis

epidermis

most superficial layer, made of keratinocytes

keratin

tough material that protects the lower layers of the epidermis from wear and tear

strata

numerous layers of the epidermis

stratum basale

deepest layer of the strata.

attached by basement membrane.

cells divide repeatedly and push up toward the superficial layers as the cells increase in age.

melanocytes

produce melanin

in stratum basale

melanin

protects the stratum basale from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation

granules

precursors of keratin found in the outermost layer of epidermis

stratum corneum

most superficial layer (closest to outside)

tough layer of dead cells flattened at the surface

rapid cell division

producing precursor molecules for waterproofing

completion of waterproofing the cell

three major phases cells go through in epidermis

every 5-6 weeks

the epidermis renews itself every…

dermis

structural integrity of the integumentary system

superficial papillary layer

deeper reticular layer

two major regions of the dermis

papillary region

named for the papillae (bumps)

papillae

interdigitate with the epidermis

provides good adhesion between the layers

reticular layer

largest layer of the two regions in the dermis

blood vessels

bring nutrients to both the dermis and epidermis

occur only in dermis

dermal blood vessels

release heat to the external environment

nerves in the dermis

receive sensory inputs and transmits impulses to the central nervous system

light touch receptors

allow for the perception of very slight touch stimuli

tactile corpuscles

a form of light touch receptor that is in upper portion of the dermis

tactile discs

a form of light touch receptor that is in the upper dermis and lower EPIdermis

lamellar corpuscles

sense pressure

pain receptors

naked nerve endings in the dermis that respond to numerous environmental stimuli

hypodermis

attaches itself to the dermis by collagenous and elastic fibers

also known as subcutaneous tissue

sweat glands and sebaceous (oil) glands

two broadly distributed glands in the dermis and hypodermis

eccrine glands

most common gland

type of sweat gland

produce normal body perspiration

apocrine sweat glands

gland that secretes water and a higher concentration of organic acids

perspiration

reducing of temperature of body by evaporative cooling

hair

accessory structure of integumentary system

hair follicles

projections of the epidermal layers into the dermis

shaft

part of your hair that erupts from the head

hair ROOT

part of hair that is embedded/enclosed by the follicle

hair bulb

the actively growing portion of hair

dermal papilla

center of bulb

contains blood vessels and nerves that reach the hair bulb

root sheath

outer dermal layer of connective tissue and an inner epithelial layer create the …

arrector muscles

connects the hair follicle to the upper regions of the dermis

reason for hair “standing on end”

medulla

central portion of the hair

cortex

contains pigments that gives hair its color

cuticle of the hair

superficial to the cortex

looks rough in microscopic sections

nails

second type of accessory structure of the integumentary system

free edge

part of the nail you clip

eponychium

another name for the cuticle of the nail

nail root

portion of nail that is under the eponychium

nail bed

layer deep to the nail body

lunule

small white crescent that occurs at the base of the nail

hyponychium

region under the free edge of a nail

dark pigmentation

people who produce more melanin

lighter pigmentation

people who produce less melanin

epidermis

top layer is called the

dermis

middle layer is called the

hypodermis

bottom layer is called the

stratum corneum

#1

stratum basale

#2

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

what kind of tissue is stratum corneum

areolar loose connective tissue

what kind of tissue makes up the papillary layer of the dermis?

perception of very slight touch stimuli

function of tactile corpuscle

sense pressure

function of lamellar corpuscle

sebaceous gland

what gland does this represent?

sweat gland

what gland does this represent?

dense irregular connective tissue

what kind of tissue makes up the reticular layer of the dermis?

adipose connective tissue

what kind of tissue makes up the hypodermis? (subcutaneous layer)

first degree burn

superficial burn where the epidermis is still intact and functional

second degree burns

burn that destroys the epidermis and damage extends into the dermis

victim looses heat and fluid

most painful burn

third degree burn

both epidermis and dermis are destroyed, with damage extending into the hypodermis

most likely will not have pain due to nerve cells being destroyed in that area

9% (4.5% front and back)

burn percentage for head

9% (4.5% front and back)

burn percentage for one arm

9%

burn percentage for chest

9%

burn percentage for upper back

9%

burn percentage for lower back

9%

burn percentage for abdomin

1%

burn percentage for genitals

9% (4.5% front and back)

burn percentage for one leg

Epiphyseal line

#1

Compact bone

#2

Medullary cavity filled with yellow bone
marrow

#3

Spongy bone

#4

Diaphysis

#5