APUSH Unit 3 Test

Washington’s Cabinet

Washington’s Cabinet

• Alexander Hamilton - sec. of treasury

• Thomas Jefferson - sec. of state

• Henry Knox - sec. of war

Whiskey Rebellion

• Farmers upset

• Washington sends troops

• Rebellion smashed

Jefferson - “too strong of a response”

Washington - “we now have constitution means of addressing grievances”

Jay’s Treaty

(not much bargaining power for Jay)

• England agrees to evacuate on US soil

• NO mention of future seizures impressment or Native Americans

Opinion on treaty:

• Jefferson - horrible

• Washington/Hamilton - okay

Pickney’s Treaty

Spain thinks the US and England have healed their rift, eager to deal

• US gains free rights to Mississippi River and the land north of Florida

XYZ Affair

Adams sends three envoys

• Want to speak to the French Foreign Minister Talleyrand

• 3 French officials intervene (X, Y, Z)

• US must pay to speak Talleyrand

The US is incensed

• “Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute”

• There is now an undeclared war between US & France

Alien Act

• Many immigrants joined the DR party

• Change residence requirements from 5 to 14 years

• President could deport foreigners who were considered dangerous

Sedition Act

• Feds want to silence DR press

• Prohibit defaming of officials

• Federalists SC looks the other way

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

• Jefferson and Madison

• DRs upset with the A&S Acts

• “nullification” (the refusal of states to accept and follow federal law)

• huge issue later

Revolution of 1800

Jefferson defeats Adams

• Change in party leadership

• “We are all Federalists, we are all Republicans”

• Gets rid of A&S Acts

• Gets rid of excise tax

• Keeps the bank

“Midnight Judges”

New judge positions created by the Feds in the Judiciary Act of 1801

• An attempt by Feds to keep power

Lewis and Clark

• 1804

• St. Louis to the Pacific Coast

• Sacajawea

• Over two years, overland trail

War Hawks

a group of new, young Democratic-Republicans mostly from the frontier states

• Known as War Hawks because of their eagerness for war against Britain; quickly gained significant influence in the House of Representatives

• Argued that war with Britain would be the only way to defend American honor, gain Canada, and destroy American Indian resistance on the frontier

Hartford Convention

• Feds attempt to get their way

• Single term presidency

• No consecutive presidents from same state

• No 3/5 comp.

• End of political influence for the Feds. party

Hamilton’s Financial Program

to get the new country on its feet financially, Hamilton needed:

• Support of the wealthy

• Find ways to generate income

• Support all areas of the country

Differences between the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans

Feds:

• Hamilton/Adams

• Strongest in the Northeast

• Believed in the power of the Federal Gov.

• Love the Brits

• French Revolution horrible

DCs:

• Jefferson/Madison

• Strong in the South

• State’s Rights

• Love France

• French Revolution wonderful

Measurement Jefferson took when becoming president to unify the country

“We are all Federalists, we are all Republicans”

• kept the bank (sign of a good leader)

Marbury v. Madison and significance

John Marshall deciding on judicial review

• The supreme court has the power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

McCulloch v. Maryland and significance

MD was taxing a branch of the national bank

Marshall Rules:

1. The bank is constitutional

2. A state (MD) may not tax the federal gov.

MvM establishes federal power over state power

Gibbons v. Ogden and significance

• NY steamboat rights

• Congress controls interstate commerce, not the states

How the US acquired Louisiana

Louisiana Purchase, 1803

• Jefferson sends James Monroe and Livingston to get New Orleans and as much land as possible for $10 million

• Napoleon, needing money for European wars, offers all of Louisiana for $15 million

Jefferson’s dilemma

• Jefferson had always been a “strict-interpretationist” of the Constitution

• He realized the purchase was the correct thing to do for the US

Attempts by Washington, Adams, and Jefferson to stay out of war

• Washington: Proclamation of Neutrality 1793

• Adams: XYZ Affair

• Jefferson: Embargo Act 1807

Reasons for the war of 1812

• War Hawks want Canada

• Impressment (neutral rights)

• Native American threat in West (deters adding more territory)

• Show England a democracy is superior to a monarchy

Outcomes for the war of 1812

• Real US Independence

• Respect

• Sectionalism hurts (Feds gone)

• War heroes

• Manufacturing

Terms of Missouri Compromise

• Missouri, slave state; Maine, free state

• No slavery allowed north of the 36’30 line

Monroe Doctrine

• European Monarchies threaten young Latin American nations

• US sympathetic to revolution

• Colonization in the Americas is over

• European countries must stay away from the Americas

• US will stay out of European affairs

The MD will only have as much power as the English navy supplying it

10th Amendment

the Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution

• If it isn't listed, it belongs to the states or to the people

Jefferson says the bank is unconstitutional

1st time the issue of constitutionality comes up

Proclamation of Neutrality 1793

sets precedent for US isolation

Farewell Address 1796

avoid permanent alliances

Embargo Act 1807

US will not export goods (ships will not leave US ports)

• Disaster, illegal trade rampant

• Helps US manufacturing (north benefits)

Despite flourishing cities

about 90% of the population of the colonies during this time lived in rural areas