A+ 1201

LAN

Local Area Network

Networks close to each other and high speed

WAN

Wide Area Network

slower than LAN using point to point or MPLS, terratistal or non terrstial

PAN

Personal Area Network

bluetooth, fitbit, IR,NFC

MAN

Metropolitan Area Network

inbetwwen LAN and WAN use metro ethernet or a cities own fiber

SAN

Storage Area Network

Orgs use this for high speed that stores data

own network as it makes it faster

WLAN

Wireless Local Area Network

adds mobility to LAN

Cable Crimper

A tool used to attach a connector onto the end of a cable, causing the internal RJ-45 pins to pierce the insulation of the wires, thus creating contact between the conductors at each wire.

WiFi analyzer

Tool for checking/diagnosing issues on a wireless network in 802.11.

spectrum analyzer

A device that can detect the source of interference on a wireless network.

Tone generator

A small electronic device that issues a signal on a wire pair. When used in conjunction with a tone locator, it can help locate the termination of a wire pair.

Punch down Block

A device that connects one group of wires to another through a system of metal pegs.

cable tester

An electrical instrument that verifies if a signal is transmitted by a cable. Also called a media tester.

loopback plug

Checks to see if the data over the cable is sent correctly

Physical tap

Allows you do disconnect link, put it in the middle of the link, then get a copy of all traffic going through

port mirror

A monitoring port on a switch. Gets a copy of everything sent through

LCD

Liquid Crystal Display

lightweight, low power, inexpensive, need a backlight

TN LCD

Twisted Nematic LCD

with fast response for gaming times but poor viewing at diffrent angles

VA LCD

Vertical alignment LCD

A good compromise between TN and IPS

Good color representation

Slower response times than TN

OLED

Organic light emitting diode.

A display technology that uses electroluminescence to light red green and blue subpixels that is thinner and lighter with no backlight

Mini LED

Many small LED backlights, better local dimming, improved contrast over standard LCD, not as good as OLED for blacks

Digitizer

The touchscreen overlay technology that converts finger and stylus contact

into input data for the device to use.

backlight

Use LED (DC/Direct current) or fluorescents (AD/Alternating current)

pixel density

Number of pixels per inch or centimeter. Higher pixels mean a more detailed display if it is smaller.4k is more detailed on a smaller screen than a bigger screen

Hz

Hertz

cycles per second

fps

(Frames Per Second) unit of playback speed of an animation

v sync

Process of synchronizing fps and hz.

4k

3840x2160

1440

2560x1440

HD

1920 x 1080

720

1280x720

Color Gamut

the range of colors that can be displayed by any given device

sRGB standard

Standard red green blue

Satellite networking

- Non-terrestrial communication

- 100 Mbit/s down, 5 Mbit/s up

- High latency (250 ms up/down)

- High frequencies (2 GHz)

Fiber

high speed data communication that is expensive, transmits lots of data and transmits through light

broadband

a high-capacity transmission technique using a wide range of frequencies, which enables a large number of messages to be communicated simultaneously.

cable

a transmission using copper wire (like cable television)

Usually 50 Mbits-1,000 Mbits/1 gigabut

DOCSIS

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

A security technology used for filtering packets and maintaining customer privacy on cable Internet services

DSL

Digital Subscriber Line. A method of connecting to the Internet via a phone line.

ADSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

faster download speed 200mbit downstream 20mbit upstream. farther you are from the DSL longer it takes

Tethering

Transforms a smartphone or Internet-capable tablet into a wireless router for one device.

hotspot

Provides internet for multiple people at once

WISP

Wireless Internet Service Provider

Connects rural/remote locations

10-1,000 Mgbits

IPv4

The Internet Protocol version 4

has 8 bits per octet (32)

Subnet Mask

indicates what kind of subnet/IP group the device belongs to.

Default Gateway

In a TCP/IP network, the nearest router to a particular host.

static IP address

An IP address that is manually assigned to a device and remains constant until it is manually changed or changed on the DCHP server.

APIPA

Automatic Private IP Addressing

Gives an IP if it cant get one that communicates on your local subnet

169.254.0.0-169.254.255.255

IP reservation

An IP address that is set aside by a DHCP server for a specific network client, which is identified by its MAC address.

IPv6

The Internet Protocol version 6

has 16 bits per octect (128)

Class A

Private IP range

10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255

Class B

Private IP range

172.16.0.0-17.31.255.255

Class C

Private IP range

192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255

Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

Layer 3 Switch

A type of switch that operates as a router

Switch

A device for finding the destination for an IP based on its MAC

ASIC

Application Specific Integrated Circuit

used in Switches

PoE

Power over ethernet

data and power in one cable

15.4 watt, 350 max current

Unmanaged Switch

minimal configuration options and has no IP address assigned to it.

Managed Switch

Allows the network administrator to monitor, configure, and manage select network features

AP

Access point

provide access to a wired network to wireless clients.

Patch Panel

A wall-mounted panel of data receptors into which cross-connect patch cables from the punch-down block are inserted.

Firewall

block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication.

PoE+

Connect larger devices

25.5 watts , 600 max current

PoE++

51 watts and 600 mA maximum

Large devices

ONT

Optical network terminal

fiber cable connects to box outside location to convert it to copper

NIC

A Network Interface Card

is a piece of hardware that allows a computer to connect to a network.

VLAN

Virtual local area network.

group several different devices together over one broadcast domain

VPN

Virtual private network.

Encrypts all data going over a network

Client to site VPN

decrypts any data being sent to a corporate network

Site-to-Site VPN

A virtual private network in which multiple sites can connect to other sites over the Internet. (both sites encrypt data)

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

A service used to automatically assign an IP

udp/67 udp/68

DORA

Discovery, Offereing, Request, Acknowledge

DHCP sessions four step process

DHCP scope

All available IP addresses and hides all static IPS

DHCP pool

The predefined range of addresses that can be leased to any network device (192.168.1.0 would be a pool)

DHCP reservation

An IP address that is set aside by a DHCP server for a specific network client

DNS

Domain Name System

converting domain names into IP addresses.

udp/53

DNS Hierarchy

• .com, .net, .edu, .org

• .professormesser, . runescape, .google

• www, live, mail, east, west

• trey/katie ... ethan/judy

dig command

Linux command to get IP address for a domain

NS lookup

Windows command to get IP address for a domain

RR

Resource Record

records of IP for DNS

A

defines IPv4 address for host

AAAA

defines IPv6 address for host

CNAME

Canonical Name

an alias of an existing domain

MX

Mail exchanger

Determines the host name for the mail server

TXT

text records

human-readable text information for a domain

DKIM

domain keys identified mail

digitally sign your outgoing mail on DNS

SPF

Sender policy framework

list of email servers allowed to send messages with your domain name

DMARC

Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance

prevents spoofing and gets rid of spam mail

Li-ion

lithium-ion battery

can be recharged (memory)

LiPo

lithium-ion polymer

can be recharged (memory)

Keyboard

The most frequently used input device that usually can be removed easily

USB Keyboard

Allows to find difficulties in your regular keyboard

DIMM

Dual In-line Memory Module

a small circuit board, capable of holding several memory chips

64 bit data width

SO-DIMM

Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module

About half the width as a DIMM

SSD

Solid state drive

a storage device that has no moving parts

M.2 SSD

Smaller SSD and no power cables

Magnetic Disk

Hard drive with moving parts

Imaging Software

software that creates a digital version of an drive in order to put the data on a new drive

Mini PCI

Specialized form of PCI designed for use in laptops.

PCI

Peripheral Component Interconnect

card that connects Bluetooth or 802.11