Late Middle Ages Europe

Great Famine

A Famine lasting from 1315-1332. A result of the climate becoming incredibly cold, believed to be similar to the 'seven lean years' that affected Egypt, causing prices to skyrocket even after the Famine dissolved due to disease riddled livestock.

Black Death

Arrived due merchants gaining the new ability of shipping year-round, and ships were infested with pests that carried the disease back to Europe, appeared first in 1347 and killed ⅓ of Europe's population.

Flagellants

Groups consisting of Christians that whipped themselves as a way of 'paying' for their and society's sins due to the belief that God was punishing his followers with the Black Plague. They traveled from place to place, growing in numbers, eventually turning into uncontrollable mobs.

Hundred Years' War

A war created by King Edward III and King Philip VI, as Philip took back land that was considered to be English territory via a treaty signed in 1259, causing Edward III to believe it was an act of war. It decimated both countries economically, but did allow for them to prosper culturally.

Representative assemblies

Essentially just early democracy that allowed people to create their own laws which the government, usually the monarch or king, had to approve first and explain why or why not it was approved.

Babylonian captivity

Referencing the time when the new pope was pressured into residing in Avignon rather than Rome (1309-1376). It's originally interpreted as the seventy years the ancient Hebrews were held in captivity by the Babylons.

Great Schism

A period of time when there were two and even three, later on, popes simultaneously leading the church, each being supported by different European countries that despised one another and represented the divergence in the Church's leadership.

Conciliarists

People agreed with the idea that the best way to reform the church was by assemblies and councils (essentially a democracy) that represented the Christian people as opposed to the Pope holding all the power.

Confraternities

Groups consisting of Christian men and women that weren't a part of the Church, but created one of their own that was not under the control of the Pope or any other religious figures.

Jacquerie

An enormous rebellion in 1358 by French peasants protesting the increasing taxation put on them.

English Peasants' Revolt

English peasants revolted against the worsening economic conditions they were experiencing with higher taxes alongside being forced to work for the same wage.

Statute of Kilkenny

A law that prevented the marriage between immigrants (The English) and the native people (The Irish), alongside requiring them to speak the English language, have English names, ride on a horse with a saddle, wear English clothes, and rendering them unable to go inside of any Irish churches or monasteries.