Anatomical Kinesiology: Unit 3

Rectus abdominis

Action: flexion

Origin: superior side pubis

Insertion: xiphoid process, costal cartilage ribs 5-7

External oblique

Action: flexion, rotation

Origin: lateral side ribs 5-12

Insertion: anterior ½ iliac spine, superior side pubis, linea alba

Internal Oblique

Action: flexion, rotation

Origin: iliac spine, inguinal ligament

Insertion: ribs 10-12, costal cartilage ribs 7-10, linea alba

Erector Spinae

Action: extension, lateral flexion

Origin: posterior sacrum, posterior iliac spine, spinous & transverse process of lower vertebrae

Insertion: posterior ribs, mastoid process, spinous & transverse process of upper vertebrae

Quadratus Lumborum

Action: extension, lateral flexion

Origin: iliac spine

Insertions: transverse process L1-L5, rib 12

The three muscles in erector spinae

Spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

External oblique rotation

right to left rotation

left to right rotation

Internal oblique rotation

right to right rotation

left to left rotation

What are the flexors for the trunk

rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique

What are the extensors for the trunk

erector spinae, quadratus lumborum

What are the rotators for the trunk

external oblique, internal oblique

What are the lateral flexors for the trunk

quadratus lumborum

Sternocleidomastoid

Action: flexion

Origin: manubrium & proximal clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid Process

Scalenes

Action: flexion

Origin: transverse process C1-C7

Insertion: 1st and 2nd ribs

Upper Trapezius

Action: Extension, elevation, upward rotation

Origin: occipital protuberance & spinous process upper C-spine

Insertion: distal 1/3 clavicle & acromion

Splenius Capitis

Action: extension

Origin: distal half nuchal ligament & spinous process C7-T3

Insertion: occipital bone and mastoid process

Splenius Cervicis

Action: extension

Origin: spinous process T3-T6

Insertion: transverse process C1-C3

Semispinalis Capitis

Action: extension

Origin: transverse process C4-T4

Insertion: occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Semispinalis Cervicis

Action: extension

Origin: transverse process of upper T-spine

Insertion: spinous process C-spine

What are the flexors for the neck

sternocleidomastoid, scalenes

What are the extensors for the neck

upper trapezius, splenius capitis, splenius cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis

Levator Scapula

Action: elevation, downward rotation

Origin: transverse process C1-C4

Insertion: vertebral border of scapula form superior to base of spine

Lower Trapezius

Action: depression, upward rotation

Origin: spinous process T4-T12

Insertion: inferior spine of scapula, acromion

Middle Trapezius

Action: retraction

Origin: spinous process C7-T3

Insertion: scapular spine, acromion

Rhomboid Minor

Action: retraction, elevation

Origin: spinous process C7-T1

Insertion: vertebral border of scapula from superior to base of scapula spine

Rhomboid Major

Action: retraction, elevation

Origin: spinous process of T2-T5

Insertion: vertebral border of scapula from base of scapulae spine to inferior angle

Pectoralis Minor

Action: protraction

Origin: anterior side ribs 3-5

Insertion: coracoid process of scapula

Serratus Anterior

Action: protraction, upward rotation

Origin: lateral ribs 1-5

Insertion: anterior side vertebral border of scapula

What are the elevators for the girdle

upper trapezius, levator scapula

what are the depressors for the girdle

lower trapezius

what are the retractors for the girdle

middle trapezius, rhomboids

What are the protractors for the girdle

pectoralis minor, serratus anterior