Foundations - gender and sexuality

Gender and sexuality

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what and when were the waves of feminism

FIRST WAVE: c. 1840s to 1960s (right to vote, suffrage, protest)

SECOND WAVE: c. 1960s to 1980s (social construction of womanhood, beyond stereotypes, sexuality and reproductive rights, Poststructuralism)

THIRD WAVE: early 1990s onwards (individuality, difference, diversity; womanism and race, Sex positivity; punk movements )

• Also fourth wave, postfeminism, etc.—internet-mediated (e.g. #MeToo)

what definition of gender does Cusick give (and where)

“gender is a system of assigning social roles, power, and prestige” p.475 (1999. ‘Gender, Musicology, and Feminism’. In Rethinking Music)

what definition of gender does Maus give (and where)

“‘Gender refers to the classification of people and human traits as masculine, or feminine, or by related terms.” p.392 (2012. ‘Music, Gender, and Sexuality’. In The Cultural Study of Music: A Critical Introduction)

what does Judith Butler say about gender (and where)

if gender is a theory independent of sex, it becomes a “free-floating artifice” p.37 (1990 Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity)