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Founding of Rome
Established around 753 BCE, it marked the beginning of Roman history as a monarchy ruled by kings.
Roman Republic
Established in 509 BCE after the expulsion of the Etruscan kings, it was a form of government incorporating elements of monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy.
Consuls
The two elected officials in the executive branch of the Roman Republic, holding supreme civil and military authority for a one-year term.
Power of the Consuls
Included veto power, leading the army, representing Rome in foreign affairs, and ruling over the Assembly.
Senate
The advisory branch of the Roman government, initially composed of about 300 patricians who served for life.
Assembly of Centuries
An assembly composed of all members of the army responsible for electing consuls annually.
Assembly of Tribes
An assembly composed of all plebeians that approved or rejected laws and decided issues of war and peace.
12 Tables
Inscribed laws that guaranteed equal rights for all citizens in ancient Rome.
Judicial Branch
Consisted of courts made up of 8 judges serving one-year terms, ensuring justice in the Roman Republic.
Dictator
An emergency position that could be appointed for a six-month term during times of war, allowing for swift decision-making.
Note 
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