2.3: Intro to Memory

Memory

the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information

recall

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test.

recognition

a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test

relearning

a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time

Encoding

the process of getting information into the memory system

storage

the process of retaining encoded information over time

parallel processing

processing multiple aspects of a stimulus or problem simultaneously

sensory memory

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

short-term memory

briefly activated memory of a few items (such as digits of a phone number while calling) that is later stored or forgotten

long-term memory

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.

working memory

a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory

central executive

a memory component that coordinates the focused processing you do as you integrate new information with your existing long-term memory.

phonological loop

a memory component that briefly holds auditory information

visuospatial sketchpad

a memory component that briefly holds information about objects' appearance and location in space.

Neurogenesis

the formation of new neurons

long-term potentiation (LTP)

an increase in a nerve cell's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory