(3) Vocab: Prokaryotes: Bacteria & Archaea

Peptidoglycan

A network of sugars and proteins that make up bacterial cell walls

Taxis

The ability to move toward or away from a stimulus

Chemotaxis

Movement toward or away from a stimulus

Phototaxis

Movement toward or away from light

Plasmids

Small circular pieces of DNA

Transformation

Prokaryotic cell takes up and incorporates foreign DNA from the environment

Transduction

Movement of genes between bacteria by bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria)

Conjugation

Genetic material is transferred between prokaryotic cells

Which of these statements about prokaryotic genetics is true?

A) Bacterial cells conjugate to mutually exchange genetic

material.

B) Their genetic material is confined within vesicles known as

plasmids.

C) They divide by binary fission without mitosis or meiosis.

D) Genetic variation in bacteria is not present because of their

asexual mode of reproduction.

C) They divide by binary fission without mitosis or meiosis.

Phototrophs

Chemotrophs

Autotrophs

Heterotrophs

-Obtain energy from light

-Obtain energy from chemicals

-Require CO2 as a carbon source

-Require organic nutrients as a carbon source

Obligate aerobes

Obligate anaerobes

Facultative anaerobes

Aerotolerant

-Require O2

-Poisoned by O2

-Can survive with or without O2

-Can survive with or without O2 and show no difference in growth with or without O2

Extremophiles

Archaea that are found in extreme environments

Halophiles

Thermophiles

Mathanogens

Live in highly saline environments

Thrive in hot environments

Live in swamps and marshes and produce methane as a waste product

Bacterial Species Concept

Genomic and phenotypic consistency

Gram Positive Bacteria

Bacteria that have simpler cell walls with a large amount of peptidoglycan

Gram Negative Bacteria

Bacteria have less peptidoglycan

Symbiosis

Ecological relationship in which two species live in close contact; a larger host and smaller symbiont

Commensalism

One organism benefits while neither harming nor helping the other

Parasitism

One organism (the parasite) harms its host

Mutualism

Both symbiotic organisms benefit from(ex. nitrogen fixing bacteria in plants)

In general, what is the primary role of prokaryotes when

considering the overall flow of chemicals and matter through

ecosystems?

A) parasitizing eukaryotes, thus causing diseases

B) breaking down organic matter

C) metabolizing materials in extreme environments

D) serving as primary producers in terrestrial

environments

B) breaking down organic matter