AP Art History Unit 3 flashcards

Artist: Unknown Title: Catacomb of Priscilla Form: Early Christian burial site featuring excavated tufa and fresco Function: Burial site for early Christians Content: Biblical scenes from Late Antique Europe (c. 200–400 CE) Context: Rome, Italy, Reflects the beliefs and practices of early Christian communities.

Artist: Unknown Title: Santa Sabina Form: An Early Christian basilica church built from brick and stone (422–432 CE) Function: Place of worship and community gathering Content: Characterized by spacious nave and clerestory windows Context: Rome Italy, Represents the transition from Roman to Christian architecture.

Artist: Unknown Title: Vienna Genesis Form: An illuminated manuscript from early Byzantine Europe (6th century CE) Function: Religious text and visual storytelling Content: Depicting biblical scenes with vibrant colors Context: Demonstrates the fusion of text and image in early Christian art.

Artist: Unknown Title: San Vitale Form: A Byzantine church featuring a central-plan design Function: Place of worship Content: Mosaics of Justinian and Theodora from Early Byzantine Europe (526–547 CE) Context: Symbol of the power and influence of Justinian.

Artist: Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles Title: Hagia Sophia Form: A grand church and mosque, Brick and Ceramic with Stone and Veneer Function: Place of worship Content: Dome structure and intricate mosaics Context: 532-537 CE Represents Byzantine architectural innovation and Christian worship.

Byzantine - Constantinople - Instanbul
Burned Down Twice

Artist: Unknown Title: Merovingian Looped Fibula Form: A decorative cloisonné brooch from early Medieval Europe (6th century CE) Function: Clothing fastener and status symbol Content: Showcasing abstract animal motifs Context: Reflects the artistry and cultural values of the Merovingian period.

Artist: Unknown Title: Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George Form: An encaustic icon from the Early Byzantine period (6th–7th century CE) Function: Religious icon for veneration Content: Featuring the Virgin and child, reflecting iconoclasm debates Context: Central to Byzantine worship practices.

Lindisfarne Gospels

Includes Iluminated Manuscript

Artist: Eadfrith Title: Lindisfarne Gospels Form: An illuminated manuscript from the early Medieval Europe period (c. 700 CE) Function: Religious instruction and decoration Content: Illustrating Hiberno-Saxon fusion art Context: Represents the blend of Christian and local artistic traditions.

Artist: Unknown Title: Church of St. Foy Form: A Romanesque pilgrimage church (1050–1130 CE) Function: Place of pilgrimage Content: Tympanum depicting the Last Judgment Context: Reflects medieval themes of salvation and fear of judgment.

Artist: Unknown Title: Bayeux Tapestry Form: An embroidered linen tapestry commemorating the Norman Conquest of England (c. 1066–1080 CE) Function: Historical record and celebration Content: Featuring scenes of the Battle of Hastings Context: Represents the importance of narrative in art.

Artist: Unknown Title: Chartres Cathedral Form: A Gothic cathedral (1145–1220 CE) Function: Place of worship Content: Notable for its flying buttresses and rose windows Context: Exemplifies Gothic architectural innovation.

Artist: Unknown Title: Bible moralisée Form: An illuminated manuscript from Gothic Europe (1226–1234 CE) Function: Used for royal education and moral instruction Content: Rich illustrations and text Context: Reflects the intersection of art and education in the Middle Ages.

Artist: Unknown Title: Röttgen Pietà Form: A painted wood devotional object from late Medieval Europe (1300–1325 CE) Function: Object of devotion Content: Presenting a poignant depiction of Mary with the dead Christ Context: Reflects medieval piety and emotions in religious art.

Artist: Giotto di Bondone Title: Arena Chapel (Lamentation) Form: A fresco created in proto-Renaissance Italy (1305 CE) Function: Religious devotion and community center Content: Depicting emotional human figures Context: Highlights the beginning of naturalism in art.

Artist: Robert Campin Title: Merode Altarpiece (Annunciation Triptych) Form: A Northern Renaissance oil painting (1427–1432 CE) Function: Private devotional piece Content: Illustrating the Annunciation with symbolic household items Context: Represents domesticity in religious art.

Artist: Filippo Brunelleschi Title: Pazzi Chapel Form: A Franciscan chapter house designed in early Renaissance Italy (1429–1461 CE) Function: Monastic gatherings Content: Showcasing classical geometry Context: Represents early Renaissance architectural advancements.

Artist: Jan van Eyck Title: Arnolfini Portrait Form: A marriage portrait (1434 CE) Function: Commemorative art Content: Featuring symbolic objects in a detailed domestic setting Context: Illustrates the complexities of marriage and identity.

Artist: Donatello Title: David Form: Bronze statue from early Renaissance Italy (1440–1460 CE) Function: Sculpture Content: Notable as the first freestanding nude since antiquity Context: Signifies a shift in artistic representation of the human form.

Artist: Leon Battista Alberti Title: Palazzo Rucellai Form: An urban palace designed in Renaissance Italy (1450 CE) Function: Residence Content: Employing classical orders Context: Represents Renaissance architectural principles.

Artist: Fra Filippo Lippi Title: Madonna and Child with Two Angels Form: A tempera painting (1465 CE) Function: Devotional piece Content: Depicting Mary with playful angels in a landscape Context: Reflects the humanizing of divine figures.

Artist: Sandro Botticelli Title: Birth of Venus Form: A tempera painting (1484–1486 CE) Function: Mythological depiction Content: Depicting Venus on a shell, representing Neoplatonism Context: Celebrates beauty and love in art.

Artist: Leonardo da Vinci Title: Last Supper Form: An oil and tempera mural (1494–1498 CE) Function: Religious mural for a refectory Content: Acclaimed for its use of linear perspective Context: Reflects Renaissance focus on human emotion.

Artist: Albrecht Dürer Title: Adam and Eve Form: An engraving (1504 CE) Function: Printmaking Content: Featuring idealized nudes symbolizing the Fall Context: Illustrates Dürer’s exploration of human form.

Artist: Michelangelo Title: Sistine Chapel Ceiling Form: A fresco (1508–1512 CE) Function: Decoration of a sacred space Content: Depicting creation scenes and reflecting humanist theology Context: Symbolizes the pinnacle of Renaissance art.

Artist: Raphael Title: School of Athens Form: A fresco (1509–1511 CE) Function: Decoration of the Vatican Content: Celebrating classical knowledge with prominent philosophers depicted Context: Emphasizes humanism in the Renaissance.

Artist: Matthias Grünewald Title: Isenheim Altarpiece Form: An oil painting (1512–1516 CE) Function: Hospital altarpiece Content: With gruesome crucifixion details Context: Reflects the interplay of suffering and redemption.

Artist: Jacopo Pontormo Title: Entombment of Christ Form: An oil painting (1525–1528 CE) Function: Altarpiece Content: Featuring Mannerist style with elongated figures Context: Represents the emotional response to the Passion.

Artist: Lucas Cranach the Elder Title: Allegory of Law and Grace Form: A woodcut (1530 CE) Function: Religious illustration Content: Illustrating Lutheran theology with contrasting themes Context: Represents Reformation ideas.

Artist: Titian Title: Venus of Urbino Form: An oil painting (1538 CE) Function: Courtly art Content: Depicting a reclining Venus, merging eroticism with marital virtue Context: Represents the Renaissance ideal of beauty.

Artist: Pieter Bruegel the Elder Title: Hunters in the Snow Form: An oil painting (1565 CE) Function: Genre painting Content: Reflecting seasonal cycles and the human-nature relationship Context: Demonstrates the human experience in landscape.

Artist: Caravaggio Title: Calling of St. Matthew Form: An oil painting (1597–1601 CE) Function: Religious mural Content: Known for its dramatic use of light Context: Reflects the values of the Catholic Counter-Reformation.

Artist: Peter Paul Rubens Title: Henry IV Receives Maria de’ Medici’s Portrait Form: An oil painting (1621–1625 CE) Function: Royal propaganda Content: Serving as allegorical figures Context: Celebrates the monarchy.

Artist: Rembrandt van Rijn Title: Self-Portrait with Saskia Form: An etching (1636 CE) Function: Personal expression Content: Emphasizing personal expression and identity Context: Represents the evolution of self-portraiture.

Artist: Gian Lorenzo Bernini Title: Ecstasy of St. Theresa Form: A theatrical marble altarpiece (1647–1652 CE) Function: Decoration of a church Content: Showcasing Counter-Reformation emotionalism Context: Reflects Baroque theatricality.

Artist: Diego Velázquez Title: Las Meninas Form: An oil painting (1656 CE) Function: Royal portrait Content: Noted for its meta-commentary on art and reality Context: Challenges perceptions of truth in art.

Artist: Johannes Vermeer Title: Woman Holding a Balance Form: An oil painting (1664 CE) Function: Genre painting Content: Symbolizing moral judgment within a domestic scene Context: Reflects the nuances of 17th-century life.

Artist: Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart Title: Palace of Versailles Form: A royal residence (begun 1669 CE) Function: Symbol of absolute monarchy Content: Lavish architecture and gardens Context: Represents the power of the French monarchy.