Growth and Development of Newborns, Infants, and Young Children

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering the key concepts and developmental milestones from infancy to early childhood as discussed in the lecture.

What defines a newborn?

A newborn is defined as the period from birth to the first 28 days of life.

What is the average weight of a newborn at birth?

The average weight of a newborn at birth is approximately 7.5 lbs.

When do infants typically regain their birth weight?

Infants typically regain their birth weight by 7-10 days after birth.

What is the expected growth rate for infants in the first six months?

Infants gain approximately 1 oz or 30g per day during the first six months.

What is the developmental theory associated with trust versus mistrust?

The trust vs. mistrust theory is associated with Erikson and occurs from birth to 1 year.

What are the six states of consciousness in infants?

1. Deep sleep 2. Light sleep 3. Drowsiness 4. Quiet alert state 5. Active alert state 6. Crying.

At what age does the anterior fontanel typically close?

The anterior fontanel typically closes by 12-18 months, but can close as early as 9 months.

What is the average respiratory rate of a newborn?

The average respiratory rate of a newborn is 30-60 breaths per minute.

How many teeth do infants typically have at 12 months?

At 12 months, infants typically have 4-8 teeth.

What is the main insight of Piaget's sensorimotor stage?

In Piaget's sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years), children learn through the use of their senses and motor skills.

What is normal behavior concerning communication at 2 months old?

At 2 months, infants coo, react to sounds, and have differentiated cries.

What is the common behavior of infants regarding stranger and separation anxiety, and at what age do these behaviors emerge?

Stranger anxiety begins around 9 months; separation anxiety emerges around 18-24 months.

What is the average height gain for preschoolers each year?

Preschoolers typically grow 6.35-7.62 cm (2.5-3 inches) each year.

What does Kohlberg's level of moral development associate with children in the preschool age regarding right and wrong?

Kohlberg's level of moral development in preschoolers is associated with punishment-obedient orientation, where children view behaviors as good or bad based on consequences.

What is the developmental understanding of children concerning lying in the preschool age?

Preschoolers begin to understand lying, but their perspective on good and acceptable behavior may still center around avoidance of punishment.

What is the primary focus of emotional development for toddlers?

Toddlers focus on separation and individuation, seeing themselves as separate from caregivers.

What is a prominent characteristic of toddler behavior according to developmental theories?

Negativism, often expressed as the word 'NO!.'

What physical characteristics are typical of a toddler's appearance?

A toddler typically has a rounded abdomen, slight swayback, and wide-based stance.

What development occurs neurologically in children by 24 months of age?

Neurological myelination progresses and is typically completed by 24 months, leading to improved coordination.