Heat Transfer (unfinished)

conduction

The transfer of heat through touching particles.

convection

The transfer of heat through rising, less dense warmer gas/liquid

radiation

The transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves (no particles)

Heat (Q) measured in J(oules)

Total amount of kinetic energy/transfer of energy from a higher to a lower temperature

Temperature (T) measured in K(elvin)

Average kinetic energy in an object

Internal energy

Total amount of kinetic energy in an object (kinetic energy + potential energy)

Boyle's law

If the temperature of the gas is constant, as the volume increases, the pressure of the gas decreases.

Gay-Lussac's law (gay law)

If the volume is constant, as the pressure increases, the temperature increases.

Charles' law

If the pressure is constant, as the temperature increases, the volume of the gas increases.

Boyle's Law formula

P1V1=P2V2

charles' law formula

V1/T1=V2/T2

gay-lussac's law formula

P1/T1=P2/T2

Specific heat capacity formula

c = Q/mT, where c = specific heat capacity (J/kg °C), Q = thermal energy (J), m = mass of sample (kg), and T = temperature change (°C)

Solid

Tightly packed together, gently vibrating, strong forces

liquid

A little bit of space, particles sliding past each other, weaker

gas

A lot of space, particles moving freely/ quickly, forces not holding them together

melting

Solid → liquid

freezing

Liquid → solid

condensation

Gas → liquid

evaporation

Liquid → gas

sublimation

Solid → gas

deposition

Gas → solid

kinetic energy

EK=1/2 mv^2

Kelvin

T(K) = T(°C) + 273

temperature of gas is measured in...

Kelvin

volume of gas is measured in...

meter^3

pressure of gas is measured in...

Pascals (Pa)

Specific heat capacity (SHC)

The energy required to increase the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C.

Specific latent heat (SLH)

The amount of energy needed to change 1kg of a substance from one state to another.

specific latent heat formula

Q = mL